It is easy these days to buy properties in different cities. Kolkata is a city that has all the best features that can be counted on. The city is the only metro city in the eastern part of India. And that is why people can easily think of getting new Kolkata Property. The properties are quite developed and that can be thing which can make the whole idea more developed these days. The newly made flats are there in the city and there are lands too but buying the land and the other properties must be done in proper ways. With proper steps followed, Kolkata property can be really the best deal that one can have. In Kolkata the price of the properties is lesser than other cities of the country and that is why the modern real estate builders and agents are making the best deals on the properties in Kolkata. People can get the best house and the flats or land in the city. Buying new properties in Kolkata can be thus really a wonderful deal that everyone will like to have. So, it can be expected that the new properties in the city will have best selling records. There are things that can actually determine the price of the Kolkata property and while buying these properties, it is important tot check on the factors.
While the things that can make the price of the properties to vary and depend, the best of the deals can also be made with proper legal papers. There are certain papers that every buyer must check and have while buying new property in Kolkata. That can make Kolkata property to be a best deal in fact.
• There is need to have the title deed that can be checked. The paper will give the seller the right to sell the properties. The buyers must have a check on the paper to avoid legal harassment.
• Proper tax payments papers are to be there. The Kolkata Municipality will take the tax from the owner. Hence buyer must check on that or they can have to pay the extra tax.
• Owner papers are to be with the buyers. That will prove them to be the legal owner of the land or flat. This paper is a must.
With these papers, the best deals can be made. The legal papers are must while buying new Kolkata property.
Proper Legal Papers Needed For Buying Kolkata Property
Necessary Documents to Get Payday Loans UK
In UK, the lenders are all very supportive making the payday loans to be given easily to the borrowers. Making the things easier is the simpler rules that are used in the whole process. The steps are easier for Payday Loans UK. These are making the system to be advanced and the borrowers in UK are getting the money quickly. Today when the market demands more customer based services, the lenders are making it all very helpful such that money can be given to people at the earliest. Most innovative ideas are incorporated such that the modern features are made more acceptable. World class features are added to make the whole system even more purposeful and that is why the steps are taken such that these loans can be used by all. In the best of the ideas that are conflated the payday loans UK are made to be used by all and that is why people from every sector can apply for this loan. Hence it can be expected that these loans can become the right choice for all with modern features, easy accessibility and higher developed features. Getting the loans is also developed with smarter ideas these days.
As the modern ideas are coming it can be expected that the payday loans UK is fast becoming the right choice that everyone wants to get. So, in UK, the business is getting widened. Newer policies in every case like security and processing is taken. These loans are the best support for all. it can be said that the payday loans UK are given to people through easier documents which is making the system to bettered and also quicker. The quick loan process can be the best kind of support in emergency and that is done through smarter steps by the monetary agencies in the country.
o The payday loans UK is given to people, with identity proof. Necessary papers are to be given according to the satisfaction of the lenders.
o The age proof is necessary. These loans are meant for people above 18 years. Proper certificate on age shall be submitted.
o Employment status can be needed by the lenders in UK.
o Proper proof of citizenship shall be submitted. Since these loans are given only to people in UK, necessary paper on that shall be given.
With these necessary papers submitted easily, the payday loans UK can be offered to people at the easiest.
Propel Your Business Into The Future With These Social Media Marketing Tips
Social media marketing offers one of the only platforms where you wish to learn from those around you using interactive sense. Social media marketing will help you out if you’ve been having trouble with your marketing and making mistakes will not set your company back permanently. You can get feedback directly from your audience to adapt and improve your approach.
Twitter might be a very useful tool for your business. If your business develops an effective Twitter-based strategy, you could possibly gain exposure from hundreds, or thousands, of eyeballs every single day. Take some time to learn about hashtags, keywords, and everything else there is to know about Twitter.
Put a “retweet” button on every blog post. This makes it much easier for people to talk about your blog on twitter follower tools. It greatly increases the number of potential people you can reach with your message or information.
Always provide a way that your site visitors can follow you on their favorite social media websites. Most people use social media sites on a daily basis, so give them a quick way to access you via Twitter, Facebook or LinkedIn.
It takes patience to put together a successful network in social media network. It is not likely that you will develop a long list of followers on your first days. It is possible and has been done before, but it is not very likely your profiles will get attention that fast. You should always be diligent and followers will happen for you!
Set up an automatic tweet for every post you make to your blog updates.You can even post links to updates from other bloggers which match the topic of your feed. They might enjoy the publicity, and the followers of your posts will enjoy the great content you provide.
Even with constant revolutions in how we communicate on social networks, remaining professional is still a great behavioral habit.
Your social profiles can draw customers to your services and products. You can announce events like store openings, or new locations you’re opening up. People need to find adding you via Facebook friend as an interesting to them.
Be ready for the negativity associated with using social media. You can also use your social media pages to improve customer relations, but you must be able to deal with with unhappy customers too. Do not turn your back on it but answer them and help those customers who are unhappy.
If your company’s website includes a blog, post the link on your social media site whenever you update it. Your social media subscribers will know that there is content up that they can enjoy.
It will be easy to publish your information after you have perfected your product, identified your target audience and honed your media sources. Publishing your media is simply a matter of posting your content on social media sites like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube in methods that mean your target niche will come across it. After this, you should see some reward in more traffic and increased profits for your business.
Buy Corporate Gifts Online
It’s possible to purchase corporate gifts online to be sent to the individual of one’s decision. There are real, several reliable, and reliable online shops where you could the most well-liked corporate product of one’s decision. They’re specifically Gift pine and Cloud 9 living an such like. Gifttree is just a set gift store while Cloud 9 Living is definitely an experiential gift store. Giftree in our estimation is easily one of the best spots to purchase wine gifts online.
At gifttree online shop, you’ll find numerous kinds of real corporate gifts to purchase. They’re specifically present baskets, wine baskets, plants, mechanism arrangements, good fresh fruit baskets and customized gifts.
Cloud 9 Living is definitely an online store where you are able to just look for experiential gifts. Types of the knowledge gifts you’ll find only at that shop are activity, air and experience, body and spirit, operating, tennis, lifestyle and tradition, water and snow, VIP activity occasion etc. Indoor skydiving, fighter pilot for each day, conjunction skydiving, interior hiking, horseback path trip for 2 or even more individuals, deep muscle massage, personal yoga and generate a stock car come under experiential gifts.
The total amount you’d spend depends upon the type of present you wish to obtain. While the ones can be found by you costing as high as $10,000 gifts can be found by you costing as minimal as $20. Knowledge gifts are much expensive however they are more enjoyable because of you’ll reach have the real issue. It’s an unforgettable gift which will help to recover damaged injuries. This sort of product could be provided in type of gift certificate. There’s also an option for the recipient to pick the kind of present knowledge they need. Experience gift can be shared by two or more persons. It’s a great way for people or fans to see some thing unique.
10 Points To contemplate When Searching for a Dehumidifier
Humid outdoors air, which is stuffed with moisture, can sneak in to the dwelling by way of these gaps. Potent refrigerant dehumidifiers: these robust, cost-effective and energy-efficient machines can handle as much as 890 litres dehumidification capacity per day, delivering higher amounts of drying electrical power. Nutritious folks can frequently clean “small” and “moderate” areas of mold, thus preventing these from having from hand, by following the safety precautions and cleaning pointers.
Molds develop on fabrics, paper, wood and virtually anything at all that collects dust and holds moisture. Disinfectant should be launched for the area in a powder or spray type. The bathroom is 1 area wherever mold is drawn considering that it’s generally truly moist. This is often one of several simplest and most economical means that you can reduce the growth of viruses and bacteria.
It truly is far better to discard the item. Short article submitted by Steve Reeve, Income Director at Andrews Sykes.
When I went back subsequent morning it had stopped, the bucket was complete. In general they’ve got portable units from 30 to 65 U. We’ve all heard regarding the adverse effects of moist basements, specifically mold and mildew development. Consequently, you should head off mold in the pass only by not letting it prosper.
World-wide, the chemical market is fiercely competitive; to efficiently vie dehumidifier review within the worldwide marketplace petrochemical providers and refineries (Shell Oil, BP) and chemical plants (Ineos Chlor, ICI, GrowHow, Tata) are often underneath strain to complete at their very best, although holding a tight rein on expenses. Implied warranties on dehumidifiers tend to be offered for any period not to exceed one particular (one) 12 months.
The bottom line is the fact that the room dehumidifier is going to be satisfactory for any smaller to medium sized basement, presented that it really is stored at 60F or far more all 12 months.
Let’s not overlook that what we eat sooner or later exhibits up around the outside. Soleus Vitality Star dehumidifiers, obviously, come standard using the Vitality Star label. It could bring about shiny steel to rust and will normally end result in that risk-free with an unpleasant, moldy smell which you merely can not manage.
If only distinct rooms are impacted you could would like to obtain a handful of portable solitary-room dehumidifiers.
The blocking of nasal passages would also be expert on account of the dry air produced from the moisture. Vacuuming with any vacuum cleaner (ordinary, central or HEPA) stirs dust and mold during the approach. I have had the basement dehumidifier for 3 many years also it shows no signal of put on or tear.
Some guys and girls could quite possibly advise heading for any even bigger unit but it is continually enhanced to purchase a mini dehumidifier to your premises.
An Idea on the Price Range for Unimark Riviera Uttarpara
While Kolkata is the metro city in the Eastern part of India, it is definitely getting the crowd attracted to it. Thus when it is getting crowded with more people conglomeration in the regions of Kolkata, it can be the places that are actually not at the heart of the city which can offer the best of the shelters through the newer projects. In fact in Uttarpara, now on the G.T. Road newer flat are built. The Unimark Riviera Uttarpara is one of the best examples that is giving all the necessary supports to the people though high class amenities. In fact, though Uttarpara is not at the heart o the city, it ahs maintained good communication to the main city of Kolkata through a number of ways. Thus the amenities that the metro city of Kolkata enjoys get easy transmission to Uttarpara making it really attractive to have a flat there. So, no doubt that Unimark Riviera Uttarpara will be a right choice for people. While it is still in its pre launch phase with possessions coming in from 2014, it can be said to be the right choice for people that want some high class flats to live in. Of course the Unimark Riviera Uttarpara will offer all the necessary amenities to its residents but that too at a reasonable cost.
With all the locality supports that Uttarapara has got, it can be said that the flats can be really priced high but the builders have kept it quote low. The Unimark Riviera Uttarpara is a luxury apartment complex with all the basic amenities that can be thought of. The prices are really quite within the reach of the people. The flat are available in 2 BHK and 3 BHK forms. The price ranges are different for these forms. The 2 BHK flats are available with w bathroom and 2 bathrooms. The 2 BHK flats are priced at a range of Rs. 25.5 lakh. The prices are quite reasonable taking all the facilities available with the apartments. The best of the lifestyle based amenities are there with Unimark Riviera Uttarpara. Now the 3 BHK flats are there at a range of Rs. 35 lakh. The builders are keeping the things within the reach of the maximum thereby increasing its sales. So, the new project in Uttarapara is surely one of the best one in the city and people have enough reasons to choose this one.
The role of a local Daytona Beach car accident attorney
A Daytona Beach car accident attorney is specifically meant for handling the case of the local inhabitants and those hit by accidental fallouts in and around Daytona Beach.
As soon as the JPML makes a decision regarding the proposed Darvon/Darvocet MDL, the Rottenstein Law Group will provide the details of this important development. Since such affairs are extremely private and have the individuals reputation at stake, in front of the media and all public, being cautious in choosing your celebrity divorce lawyer is the way to go! If you are focusing on sales within a particular country, look into registration there. In effect, it doesn’t matter which country your sales come from; you’ll pay tax here after translating your sales abroad into U. Work closely with an accountant who can help you time transactions to optimize the effects of currency translation. But it is important for you to be well aware of the legal facets of an accident. Hence, they are called accidents. Most mortgage companies tell you not to hire an outside firm and that they can modify you without cost. But a Nigerien government spokesman said he was only being watched for now. Mr Jalil said: ‘We need to open the courts to anyone who harmed the Libyan people in any way.
Syria’s state news agency, Sana, says Mr Bakkour was kidnapped by “terrorist groups” and forced to lie at gunpoint. For example, the U. If the site of an accident involves areas in and around Daytona beach, the legal facility of the mentioned area will be in a better position to access the case, than one located elsewhere. Export Working Capital Program for loans up to $2 million. Taxes can become very complex with foreign subsidiaries, but small businesses don’t have foreign subsidiaries as do large multinational corporations. More…
dollars. Revd Dr PETER MULLEN: Whenever you hear the cries of Liberty! Aside from determining which cases are appropriate for MDL, the Panel also must decide to which federal court each case approved for MDL should be transferred. One that is punishable by law, this can include having to pay penalties and fines of more than 3 X the amount of tax that was avoided and a minimum of $50. Best strategy: Talk with an IP attorney knowledgeable about overseas protection to determine where and how to proceed.
And he said that ‘extremist ideology’ would not be tolerated under the new regime. Most small businesses don’t even have offices or other facilities abroad; they conduct all their activities from the United States.
Source: DesignsbyDel
Transportable Dehumidifier Posts
Anything at all you come to a decision to maintain need to now be cleaned and sanitized. I had been worried that if two 70 pint units hadn’t coped a single hundred pint dehumidifier would have no possibility.
Paints, fuel additives, materials, electronics, medicines, auto elements, solar panels, packaging and many much more goods which can be normally important to our daily lives are all chemical based. This really is a outstanding choice irrespective of irrespective of whether you ought to operate your dehumidifier all day or not.
How it will work: This desiccant materials has the ability to soak up the water vapour from the ambiance by consuming heat because of which its personal vapour written content gets greater, which in the end must be diminished. Why really should you buy a Soleus Energy Star dehumidifier?? pints per 24 hour as well as amount or capacity of moisture they consider out will rely over the actual area ambient temperature and humidity ailments.
Filters could get clogged and turn into dirty, so it’s important clear the filter ordinarily as well. When you are dealing with a predicament of dampness as part of your properties or offices then it basically suggests that you just are in ought to have of the great dehumidifier. The cost you pay out to acquire a dehumidifier must invariably be a factor, but don’t go spending budget brand basically simply because it’s low cost. Now I’d two dehumidifiers working continually and my energy payments had been skyrocketing. My to start with believed was ‘this is excellent, it really is working’.
There are countless other significant damages abnormal moisture can set off.
This really is really an amazingly reasonably priced method which can assure far better air high quality in your house by taking out the potential for mold spores to type. Comparable dehumidifiers easily run $700, $800, to over $1,000! Generally search for your high quality of the unit and inquire for your ensures and warranties from the unit. It’s commonly pretty hefty which can make it onerous to maneuver from one spot to a different.
Options in the solution features a distant management, dehumidifier function, digital thermostat, and timer. Write-up submitted by Steve Reeve, Sales Director at Andrews Sykes. At just $290 a unit, it’s on the list of least costly transportable units accessible from the marketplace. The dehumidifier reviews are open for one and all and this is the first step to choosing this appliance.
Crawl spaces are usually dark, moist and stagnant, an ideal surroundings for mold. While you would like to delight in a deal with now and then throughout the vacation season, keep the basis of your eating plan wholesome. The low-grain refrigerant dehumidifiers are an outstanding option for Nevada water harm cleanup since they would be the very best solution for moisture elimination.
It may be an different to get a dehumidifier which can be a heat pump. The mechanism behind this is actually the material saturates together with the atmosphere’s humidity in equilibrium when it can be exposed to higher humid problems.
If your physician has advised you to utilize a humidifier inside your child’s bedroom during the night, keep track of the relative humidity. During the box there are going to be directions and some variety of swab. I had been delighted. The way in which that you just do which is to deprive it by taking the humidity out from the air. Write-up submitted by Steve Reeve, Sales Director at Andrews Sykes.
Choosing an injury Attorney for an effective Case in Nevada
Continue with case absolutely appears as a hardcore decision, once we have a tendency to contemplate a whole lot regarding what we might gain and what we might lose. Being contemplative before filing lawsuit is definitely a wise step. But, in case there is Accidental injury, you will need never to be much introspective, as that is your right to obtain the compensation for the loss, which happened due to somebody else’s negligence or mistake. Actually , the insurance provider always wants one to get bewildered in your choice of filing the lawsuit, in order to avoid compensating you. But, in case there is accidental injury, if you’re eligible for compensation, you then have all of the rights to claim for this. Further, to stay with what’s wrong or right, it is possible to just take the help of an injury attorney. He is able to best help you in getting the compensation in the fairest way. An excellent research concerning the back ground of the lawyer is vital before finalizing him, as he could be likely to function as foundation of one’s success in the event. Taking into consideration the pivotal need for selecting a good attorney, this short article provides certain searching recommendations on TVM mesh lawsuit.
When you have any notion of your friend hiring an injury lawyer before, then this friend will probably be your guide. Person to person is the better method of knowing an attorney beforehand. Every thing, seen on a billboard or heard in a paid spot can not be believed unquestionably. But if the friend gets the connection with an injury attorney, if can let you know right way on aspects like proficiency of the lawyer, his working style, tentative fees charged, and so on But you no longer need that, if your friend lost an incident additionally you will, or vice versa, as outcome varies from case to case. However your primary concern would be to get yourself a dedicated, loyal, experienced and learned attorney to take care of your case.
As said, it will always be good to possess friends from all fields. That is most applicable in legal cases. Things will get much better, if you’re familiar with an attorney from any field. He is able to make reference to an excellent Personal injury lawyer, and in addition can help you in benefiting from discounts. But because you have acquaintance having an attorney, do not make an effort to re-purpose him available for you, if he could be not just a Personal injury attorney. Just take his referrals for an excellent auto lawyer; he could be sure to possess one.
It’s never essential to finalize the initial Personal injury attorney you talk with. Despite the fact that somebody highly recommends a lawyer, yet it’s healthy to meet up several lawyers and select one predicated on others recommendation as well as your intuitions & understandings.
Games: The Future Of Gaming?
The Ultimate Games Guide teaches you how to play dozens of the best party games around, such as group games, beer games and card games ! Check it out! Established, successful ebook, now open to affiliates. Easy To Organise Party Games For children 5-15 / Church / Celebration Etc. Longtail Keywords, Cross Sell And Upsell. Check it out!
Something different to take into account the safety and benefits of being part of online community game Servers. Once you games filled offer with required information – email adress, your name, and all firing at you so make sure you don’t miss any. You use the down arrow to brake or to go backwards. Sometimes if you are reading this article as this can give you a satisfying gaming experience for free?
If you’ve any interest in TCG’s, this is what impresses most, you have Christmas themed tiles. Adult and kids alike are hooked to playing Games is to make sure that the forum is a legal site and not a scam. So if you have friends that play the games so they might be able to relax and do something during your idle times. Computer games free online has become very popular and there are 8 to choose from. To play these games are not only rewarding but also helps people an experience ofexcitement and joyful learning. Yet so far, most of all, these games let kids create a virtual world. Click Start and wait until finish hacking 7. To go with the market your business should have a mobile website to cover the largest number of internet users worldwide.
Luckily, Valve created a new way to entertain oneself online is by playing games. These days children are really fond of games igrice. The best thing about this place had to be free I’m cheap, easy to learn I don’t have a problem with the particular progressive game is always that way too. Each catagory has many levels. In addition, one may be interested in many number of games as well.
Security System Well-developed In Parinee Almog
In Mumbai, there are several top real estate builders that are readily making some classic flats and surely the Parinee Almog apartments in Borivali is the right one to be chosen for having the best of amenities available. The new flats have everything that can make people lust for these flats. With great newer amenities and long with the top class facilities available these flats are just the best in its form. The flats are built with greater life based facilities providing the right kind of features that can make things more attractive. It can be said that the Parinee Almog apartments are made with all possible features including the right supports for people in creating larger base for customer satisfaction. The project is built on 4.5 acre of land making a way for better luxury items to be added to the complex. There are 3 towers in the complex having 35 floors. Built in Borivali adds special advantage as the place has all the necessary metro facilities to be rendered to people easily. So, it is the location, it is the features and the amenities that can come together to mke Parinee Almog the right choice for people who are in search of some really wonderful flat in parts of Mumbai.
A number of amenities are there added to the flats. People can search for more with the pre launch of the project but talking of the amenities, it is tough to avoid the security features added to the flats. That is why the new Parinee Almog is more becoming the choice of people. Through the best of security features the new flats are becoming the hotspot for people living in Mumbai and searching for the best shelter. The complex is guarded with security guards that are placed at the towers guarding those, along with that more featured security is there with CCTV placed at the right positions. There are security concerns for rooms a swell with fire alarms set in every room. That can protect rooms form fire. Along with all these chimneys are there and smoke recognizers too such that people can get the highest form of security in the Parinee Almog. As the new security features are added, things are becoming more attractive along with styles and other advantages that it has got for its location and more. Thus with extra security the new flats in Borivali is certainly a best choice.
Applying For Short Term Loans Gets Easier
Modern loan system is based on new ideas. One really good idea that has hit the system is the new short term based loan system. It is a process of getting quicker loans at a relative higher interest rate making the system more vulnerable. Still the Short Term Loans are highly useful particularly when the money is needed within a short time. Paying cheque process takes much time to complete its whole course but this kind of loans will take much lesser time to make the money available to the users. The customer facing service is also another helpful side for which these loans are wanted. Systems have developed with the banks and other Financial Institutes becoming larger sections to provide such short term loans. Now the process of applying for such loans are also developed with several easier methods followed along with customer based helps that are found online. Filling forms to getting the bank support all the processes are followed much easily in the new e-service. Thus applying and getting these loans have helped much to the users in the ‘money getting’ phenomenon.
Applying for short term loans is easier now-a-days. Banks are there along with lenders to give the loans and you can get to meet the lenders personally, thereby filling a form which will be submitted to the officials for further procedure. To get things done more easily, get the e-service from all the institutes. Search a website that you can pin your trust on. There are several legal websites on this process. As you find the website, there will be application forms available on the ‘Apply’ section page. Often banks and FIs will give certain requirements to be met which are done in strict order. So, checking the conditions becomes a must. There are conditions of getting 18 years of age and a nationality certificate. The institutes will look for assets if cases of re-payment failures are observed. Plus, credit repayment record will also be a good option that will be looked for and you must submit all the information as true to the knowledge. When the application form is filled, the process to submit it will be done online and you can get notifications for further procedure that will be followed. Approval generally comes quicker with the online service making the loan granting in the shortest span. Thus applications for short term loans are done and the loans are available easier with new application procedure.
Fast Loans : Provide Quick Flow of Fund
Do you desire to scrounge funds because of crawled up emergences or to investment some necessities? At such issue of time you may find the help of Fast Loans. Fast Loans came under short term borrowings class and are provided to you with better time span and situation. And with the bettor refund choice you can return lend allowance according to your alternate and only by this type of borrowings you can advance for instant financial help. As titled it provide fast answer to you if you have alarming scrounging annals. With the help of this you can cleverly apprehend very quick money support under emergency positions, which endows you to contend with your short term cash firm pledges well on time.
You get the right to get borrowings, as per your desires and skill to repay the loan. Fast Loans have attracted large scale of borrowers because of its attractive features. It is a very useful mean of accumulating smaller amount of money supply required for a shorter period of time. The procedure of getting approval is really transparent. Rate of interest ascribed on these borrowings is marginally higher because of their provision of short period financial relaxation.
The allowance that you have got can be flawlessly utilized to express off your number of short time span craves and craves on time that may be like pay out your crises or pre-determined exact heads of income. Considering the aspect of providing fast financial relief, it can be said that Fast Loans are sophisticated choices of shouldering down the financial tension. Period of repayment of Fast Loans vests between 2 weeks to 1 month. Rate of interest ascribed on these borrowings is marginally higher because of their provision of short period financial relaxation.
Now with the magnificent choice of online intermediate you can effortlessly approach Fast Loans right from the convenience of your dwelling. These unique lend facility is also free from long going verification method. There is a very rigid affray going on amidst online lenders due to which their interest accusations may disagree. By doing a very careful research you will be adept to select out the most apt fiscal deal of fast borrowings at a best likely rate without doing much hard work. The main demerit of Fast Loans is the high and varying rate of interest. To avoid this difficulty it is advised to do a methodical market study and proceed with the reputed online institutions.
Losing Weight Can be Fun And Easy
Weight loss is something which has examined us all at some point. Nonetheless, do not be intimidated. Because so many people have observed the trials and also tribulations associated with weight reduction an excellent field of data, alternatives, ideas, and also assistance can be found to guide you continuing your journey. This article summarize some these types of.
Use a personal coach, no matter who you select. If you are simply selecting somebody that is going to make certain you get out of bed capable to take on your weight reduction measures, you need to be sure that you obtain that motivation together your side to acquire through beginning to end.
Some people decide on weightloss pills like Phen375 to lose weight naturally. While weight loss supplements are not for all, many people declare they assist all of them slim down faster. You should check with your doctor before taking any weight loss supplements or perhaps health supplements to make sure they just don’t restrict your present medications.
Night time snack is probably the easiest ways to get fat. So that you can lose weight, you don’t want to consume late into the evening. Every one of the calories from fat merely remain on a person, and you don’t have a pretty good possibility of using them up. Make an effort to give up eating 3 hours prior to going to rest.
Consuming breakfast every day is among the most significant areas of losing weight. By consuming breakfast time, there is a greater opportunity from dropping and maintaining any kind of weight reduction. Starting your day off correct arranges a good mindset so helping you make beneficial options for the rest of the evening.
In case you are on a diet and therefore are trying to find one thing to switch those hours of Television you always view, try out examining your region regarding reside audio shows, movie theater shows as well as other entertainment possibilities. Rather than traveling, make sure you stroll right now there. And if you can not wander right now there, no less than recreation area several prevents away as well as make an effort to finish your vacation.
If you’re dining out, be prepared for the serving sizes. Many dining establishments provide you with extremely huge parts. When you get big foods servings, you might be prone to actually eat just as much as it is possible to. You need to, try out splitting dinner with your dining companion. It can benefit keep you from overindulging as well as save you just a little cash.
Get notes while they are dieting. Through foods consumed in order to exercises done, more and more studies exhibiting that folks which keep data of these weight-loss quest are more productive and may actually drop a lot more fat compared to those who do not. Creating every little thing lower forces you to keep your self responsible as well as assume responsibility.
An excellent tip to assist you shed weight would be to familiarize yourself with restaurants’ menus. The majority of junk food restaurants nowadays have a spreadsheet wonderful their health facts about exhibit. Employing this details as a guide, you possibly can make more healthy choices also at a fast food restaurant.
Packaging a lunchtime can keep you against packing on that extra weight. Take a moment in the evening or perhaps the morning before function, to put together a wholesome lunchtime to adopt that can assist you. Attracting your own lunch can keep you against falling feed to the high calorie items which you will end up together with, at your neighborhood drive thru.
Ready flats at new projects in Rajarhat New Town
If you are very keen to get best residential project at most attractive area of Kolkata then best suggestion for you is that go to the new projects in Rajarhat New Town. Actually with the increasing population most of the residential areas of Kolkata are saturating with several commercial and residential projects and for this reason it is very difficult for a person to get best residential project at the prime areas of this city. In that case you can get best residential project at the Rajarhat New Town. So let’s take a look on some new projects in this part of Kolkata.
3 years back Rajarhat was backward position on the basis of residential purpose and now with the help of the several realtors this location has become one of the glamorous residential areas of Kolkata. Not only this; but also with the help of city development this location has become one of the perfect place of residential investment. Moreover this is the second self sustain city of Kolkata; so here everything is well planned and designed and for this reason most of the realtors are investing their money and time at this location. Again from the new projects in Rajarhat New Town you can easily reach from the other part of the city with the best transport system and this location is also very close to the international airport and IT hubs of Kolkata. In addition at this location you will get the choice of best schools, colleges, health centers, shopping malls etc.
Now take a look on the onsite amenities of the new projects in Rajarhat New Town. At the present one trend has come that is people give more stress on the onsite amenities of a residential project and for this purpose most of realtors are introducing world amenities on all the residential projects. On the list of the world class amenities of the new Rajarhat New Town projects you will get; air conditioned entrance lobby, landscape garden, kid’s play area, senior citizen’s park, jogging track, swimming pool, yoga centers, gym with modern equipment, round the clock security, power backup, water supply, indoor and outdoor games arrangement, library, high speed elevators etc. that is all the elements of modern living are available at those new projects of Rajarhat and New Town.
Now take a look on the interior part of those new projects. Basically at those projects you can get any type of residential apartments such as; 1 BHK, 2 BHK, 3 BHK & 4 BHK residential apartments with all modern design and decoration. At the interior part of those projects you will get; specious master bedroom with vitrified tile or marble flooring, sliding window, modular kitchen set up with gas detector, stainless steel sink, anti skid tile flooring on the kitchen and utility rooms, concealed electrical wiring, concealed plumbing, designing CU fittings, fixtures, provision for all electrical appliances etc. so choose best projects from the new projects in Rajarhat New Town and make you residence at the most glamorous areas of Kolkata.
Proving Fault in a vehicle accident For a major accident Law Case
One of many factors of a vehicle accident case in a court involves determining who’s responsible for a personal injury. This can be a area of the case which will be used to find out who’s likely to lead to the damages which were caused in a wreck.
Could it be ever too late to move forward with a same-sex 2nd parent adoption? We also wished to put the united states Attorney on notice, with TELEVISION cameras rolling at a forum and venue that might be hard to ignore, that people are organizing a campaign to fight their criminal abuse of power. Below is a superb report of what sort of consumer fought right back and WON! If you’re on the limit and also have any obesity related aliment you will be given 90 days to lose excess weight.
It requires an educated and experienced professional to comprehend how, what, where, and just why something has happened. Section 5 B2 Civil Liability Act 2002 NSW is highly recommended in the light of the overall common law, the following. Prior to the closing of the trial, Anjette took the stand being an unsworn witness, preventing her from being cross-examined and, looking directly at the jury of a dozen men, and declared, “Gentlemen of the jury, I have not killed anybody. ” The jury did not buy it since it took them only one hour to get Anjette guilty of most four murders, without recommendation of leniency. This may happen for the reason that a liable party was speeding or making an illegal turn. If you are somebody who isn’t particular concerning the kind of transvaginal mesh lawsuit attorney who’ll also be handling your paxil lawsuit, then it could seem sensible to employ a lawyer referral service.
Injury Attorneys Assessment of Burden of Taking Precautions in order to avoid the chance of HarmBolton v Stone [1951] AC 850: The plaintiff was injured when struck by way of a cricket ball that were hit beyond your defendant’s cricket ground. The settlement, the consequence of a three-year legal battle, is one of the largest up to now for a class-action lawsuit on the sale of securities in the run-up to the financial meltdown. The Treasury and the TUC have also been involved with “positive” negotiations in what might or may not be affordable, in today’s financial meltdown, with regards to public sector pensions.
Following these rulings, attorney adverts boomed and the neighborhood telephone books are filled up with ads for lawyers who handle accidental injury claims. Some union leaders say the 3. 2% increase can be an additional tax used to lessen the deficit as opposed to to invest in pensions.
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heart disease is the #1 mindblowing in America, claiming 700,000-plus life a year. However, according to this China research and a questionnaire taken, on the three – year period not one person died under the age of 64 involving heart disease away from 500, 500 men in addition to woman surviving in two different parts of China.
We’re also in the midst of an enormous change in thinking made possible through empowered people who have all the information they need on the tip with the fingers. The world wide web has ignited consumers to the certainty concerning Big Pharma and the regulatory regime of which underpins this..
And alternative treatment is controversial. Richard Dawkins set is best: “There isn’t any alternative medicine. There is certainly medicine that works, and treatments that doesn’t perform.” Lots of people swear of which alternative medicine is a scam made to take your money, while their own opponents claim that the conventional health-related system is this scam. Plus the argument will continue for on the other hand long both the sides don’t agree so firmly.
Alternative Medicine Works and this includes the Pax vaporizer. The easiest way to evaluate if a practice will be fraudulent will be to seek recommendations from other individuals. Alternative techniques have been in this spotlight for enough time to provide convincing evidence in the form of patient feedback. Ask your mates about their encounters. Ask a new practitioner intended for references. When none are accessible, you could be looking at a doubtful method.
Chinese language Herbal Remedies are good for managing hyperthyroid excess of Yang together with Yin Deficient Temperature. The obvious formulas for prime thyroid contain Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan, and Zhi Zi Qing Gan Tang. Chinese medicine focuses on the heart and renal system to treat thyroid disease. Chinese medicine is fantastic at soothing the hyperactive symptoms of hyperthyroid disease. Orthomolecular medicine may use Kava, St John’s Wort, in addition to valerian to treat hyperthyroid disease. This price can be an motivation to cancer martial artists in the quest for a cancer treatment method that is completely different from the conventional, that is usually additional harmful as opposed to helpful. Option cancer medication is the route Steve Jobs chose to consider after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2004. He was battling with cancer for nine years, but it really can also be fought that alternative treatment helped your pet in his last eight numerous years of life which he otherwise do not possess had, got he used the conventional way that most accomplish maybe either due to lack of confidence throughout new ways or lack of understanding of what is around.
The Law And its particular Branches
Deciding to install movie surveillance in your house these days appears like a no brainer. With the number of people who could have without supervision access to your house and spouse and children, having certain evidence of just about any wrong doing can be vital!
Fresh attorney leads can be bought here that can’t be found anywhere else.
In america, you may use a hidden camera in most fifty declares – adhering to precisely the same aforementioned “reasonable hope of privacy” different. Recording your voice without their agreement however is illegal in the right after 15 suggests: California, Ct, Delaware, California, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Baltimore, Massachusetts, Mt, Nevada, Nh, Oregon, Pa, and Buenos aires.
At the administration stage, places are hesitant to enforce laws precisely due to maintaining the extra edge in competition. Capitalism along with environmental protection are registered in an awkward legal unification which results in ineffective environment protection and poor acknowledgement of equity and medium of intercontinental direction- the law is inherently tendency towards economic interests and so need to be re-formulated to be able to give successful protection for your planet.
These leads for lawyers can help your firm expand.
Omerta could be the Code regarding silence while confronting the government. It literally signifies “manhood” and means the idea of men dealing with his personal problems without the assistance of an law-body, but the term incorporates a also turn out to be synonymous with Mafia’s computer code of quiet. Omerta is a very well-liked attitude within places involving Southern Croatia like Sicily, in which the Mafia is strong.
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Importantly, Brand new York’s Good Samaritan law is limited to hospital treatment or support. The heart from the law is found in Public house. Health Law 3000-a, that gives in part:
Within the amended legal guidelines, the Commissioner may have discretion to permit or reject requests in order to postpone acknowledgement. This means that popularity of an app may take place immediately after examination, and thus preventing changes of statements prior to acceptance. Alternatively, by way of example, acceptance may be postponed if perhaps entitlement of the patent was in dispute.
Overtime- The actual law states just how long that a person can help a week or other set intervals. Anything that addresses that fixed time will be considered overtime and is at the mercy of a different charge when it comes to expenses.
In Belgium, testamentary freedom can be granted. Nonetheless, should the departed have left at the rear of a will disinheriting his loved one or near relatives by means of blood most of these would be called a required share. This kind of situation occurs regularly if perhaps two spouses make a mutual testament employing themselves because their sole heir in addition to thereby disinherit their children which are often the particular offspring of just one testators first matrimony.
Many Legal Admin assistants and people functioning outside of law find it useful to acquire an understanding regarding Corporate and Commercial Law. The two of these areas are sometimes referred to collectively as Business Law, to the most of us. Why is at this time there such an involvement in these parts in particular. Which is simple because it relates to Small business and Professional activity, so it is the most rewarding area of law. Nearly all business will run into Professional or Corporate law. Therefore, companies have an interest with gaining an overview in Business Law. Legal Assistants, Executives as well as other legal professionals may gain from entering into this lively part of law, due to the large amount of work with this area.
Quick loans are helping everyone
The main thing that can come to great use for people with instant cash need is the new system of loans that has been introduced with the Quick loans. The cash loans are offered with not much paper works and to a wider range of people now. The purposes for the loans can be different. People from different backgrounds can apply for the quick loans and the banks will look for the necessary that needs to be fulfilled. So, if you are in need for a loan in emergency, you can get the help of the quick loans. As the name goes, the loans are really quick. The quickness of the loans re guaranteed through the use of Internet and the readiness that the financial institute are offering all the necessary money. The borrowers can also get the help in the name of the business loans, house loans and also as educational loans. In fact, the quick cash advances like this is highly accepted for all the purposes that the conventional loans are given. With an economic condition that is not showing much progress now, these quick loans are always a better option that will give the cash to people with bad credit history as well. The repayment is on risks but with the risk factor getting higher, the banks and the other institutes are not getting away from the line of supplying cash.
Support to students with quick loans: The quick loans are offered to all people and it is not also offered to the students. Higher education is always a dream for every student, not many can do it because of the monetary problems. And now there is nothing much to worry as the financial institutes are all ready with the quick loans meant for the students. The students’ loans are generally given on easier conditions. The applications are processed and the students are given the money on certain given condition. The support is also more here as the banks are ready to extend the time quite longer than it actually does with other forms of these short term loans. Often banks and other FIs are giving the chance to the students to get a job and repay the loans. That can be a great support for students who dream of getting a better education. The parents too are also relieved as their child can get a better education now with the fastest cash transfer that is available with quick loans.
Eligibility of getting quick loans: The primary thing that is needed to get the quick loans is the correct age. The loans are advanced to people higher than 18 yrs of age. Another important thing is that there should be regular income to pay the interest which is generally higher except in case of the students’ loans. The quick loans are offered with limited amount of money but the credit increases for people with reliable source of money and regular repayment history.
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International Law Amount Benefits
We’re also unique! (with six billion dollars souls) – Law associated with Uniqueness (also called Law of Function) is the most real law.
However, doing the move to a paper free, or paper reduced workplace, is a difficult task for many law practices. Several question how to start, what technologies to adopt, and what affect these types of changes will have on their the main thing.
What happens when a nation wants to use a spiritual doctrine as their law? Definitely various faith based doctrines do not go along with other faith based doctrines, and they often conflict along with international law. Recently, Iran’s President Ahmadinejad has been interviewed with CNN. This individual was inquired a number of inquiries, as to why Iran wasn’t complying with the actual IAEA on the fischer leads for lawyers weapons investigations. He explained that will his government did not acknowledge the IAEA as an authority, and the various components of United Place’s International Law as trumping their own in-country laws and regulations.
The law is just not found in one centralized component, but rather built-into various provisions of the Nyc Public Wellbeing Law and the New york city Education Law.
The particular law took influence on 1 January 2012. The law covers national legislations which provide homogeneous regulations in relation to unfair regards to contract; supplies standard type of consumer agreements; guarantees purchaser rights when selecting goods and services; ensures product safe practices and enforcement systems; gives rules with regard to lay-by agreements plus the rules from the exercise on the authority and also the enforcement connected with consumer helpful rights.
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The net’s jurisdictional boundaries may not be clear though the users are generally bound through the jurisdictional laws on the area during which they live.
Sending majority messages that can affect networks and jam mailboxes is termed spamming. The US introduced CAN-SPAM Work t with 2003 which allows prosecution of spammers.
In a situation where a 16 yr old is expecting a baby and will not do an abortion, do the mom and dad bear every one of the medical prices?
The Law regarding Detachment says that the right way to acquire what you need is to rid yourself of your add-on to it. Allowing go, we’re not letting go our purpose to show itself our want! We are enabling go this forcing of it.
The law the social media end users broke was the Serious Criminal activity Act The year 2007. Although the lawyer search engine optimization law has not been set up to cover the use of social websites, the use of social media was far lower in 3 years ago than it is now, the law of the land does apply online to the same degree that it does off line.
When getting new employees, you might additional skills to be validated, or checks to be completed. An education solicitor will be able to support ensure that your recruiting process is up to date and truck accident lawyer philadelphia legal.
To buy electronics online is smarter idea
To buy electronics online is the newest idea of the electronics shopping. Surely that has got certain advantage and the most important one is the choice of goods that you can make on the online shopping. The electronics goods are those that we cannot live without, but the shopping through going to electronics stores is not quite ‘cool’ anymore. The online stores are offering great range of goods. To buy electronics online you need not be an expert of Internet. The easiness is made through the smart policies and the simpler clicks that will take you to the required page for buying goods. And think of the products. The stores are offering all that you need from a simple and small iPad to the bigger items like PC and 52” LED TVs. With the systematic application of the process, you are supported in many a way which has positively acted to make the process to buy electronics online quite popular. So, no surprise the modern generation is depending much on clicks to check goods, order and pay to those their own. Get the best of these items from the online shops buy simply surfing the Internet from your home.
Advantages to buy electronics online: There are certainly a huge range of advantages that can be said of bout the ways to buy electronics online and the other related processes.
a) The main advantage is that you can get a wider range of products while you buy electronics online. The websites contain products of various companies each giving all the necessary details of the products. So, you can choose from those making yourself satisfied with the products.
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All these can come to help you as you need to buy electronics goods.
Read the policies before you go to buy electronics online: It is important that you know the policies of payment and the other things as you buy electronics online. The policies will give you an idea on the things and how these are delivered. Even when you get the damaged goods, the ways to replace it are also given in the policies.
So, to buy electronics online is a really smart idea if you know the policies and other details which are quite easily available from the website of the stores.
Rare ultra-blue stars found in neighboring galaxy’s hub
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/11/2012
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Spitzer captures turbulent region of star birth
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/11/2012
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Hubble solves mystery on source of supernova in nearby galaxy
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On the road: January 2012 AAS meeting, Wednesday recap
Even though the American Astronomical Society (AAS) meeting still has another day of research presentations and invited talks, today was the last day of press conferences – and the organizers made sure it was a good one.
Virginia Trimble, Eric Mamajek, John Johnson, and William Welsh (left to right) presented during the extrasolar planet press conference at AAS. // Photo by Liz Kruesi.Members of the Kepler mission to discover extrasolar planets revealed some exciting new finds. William Welsh of San Diego State University in California announced two more cases of an exoplanet orbiting a double star system — the “Tatooine” situation. Each of these worlds (Kepler-34b and Kepler-35b) are roughly Saturn-sized, and in the first example, the exoplanet orbits two stars similar to the Sun. While the planet in the previous announcement (Kepler-16b, in September) was just outside its stellar habitable zone (HZ), Kepler-34b is a bit too close to its stars to be within the HZ. Welsh added that he and colleagues expect there to be millions more of these cases, where a planet orbits a double star, and that in the next few dozen discoveries he expects to find one in its system’s HZ.
At the same press conference, John Johnson of the Kepler team announced a planetary system containing three worlds smaller than Earth, and orbiting a red dwarf star about 13 percent the size of the Sun. The innermost planet orbits its star (KOI 961) in about 10.8 hours, and astronomers haven’t yet determined the orbital period of the other two planets, but they know both are less than two days.
After a third exoplanet announcement of an extrasolar dusty disk (with a ring system) more than 400 light-years away, Virginia Trimble, an astronomer and science historian at the University of California, Irvine, spoke about how astronomy is changing due to recent discoveries. (She specifically spoke of “paradigm shifts.” While at college, all freshmen were required to read Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, and so I felt that I really got what Trimble was saying.)
Newly discovered Kepler-34b, shown in this illustration, orbits binary stars that are similar to the Sun. // Photo by David A. Aguilar (CfA)While the topic of exoplanets seems to dominate this blog post, it certainly wasn’t the only research area discussed at today’s meeting. Steven Rodney of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, announced the discovery of the most distant type 1a supernova yet. It exploded when the universe was just about 4.2 billion years old, and its light has redshifted out of visible and into infrared due to the universe’s expansion. The star that evolved into this supernova was younger than the Sun is currently (which is about 4.5 billion years) when it exploded. Astronomers expect to find supernovae in data from when the universe was just 3 billion years old.
So those were some of the science highlights of my third full day at the AAS meeting in Austin, Texas. And today, I also finally got to enjoy some tasty Texas BBQ.
Read about my Tuesday at AAS and Monday at AAS here.
Bright Star Regulus near the Leo I Dwarf Galaxy
The star near the top is so bright that it is sometimes hard to
On the road: January 2012 AAS meeting, Tuesday recap
Today was another packed day — but that seems to be the norm at the American Astronomical Society (AAS) meeting. The first invited talk echoed a topic that one of today’s press conferences covered: the status of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. After three years in orbit, the observatory has identified more than 1,870 gamma-ray objects, including many types that hadn't been discovered before.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Observatory's data at its highest energies reveal the outline of the giant gamma-ray bubbles discovered in 2010. // Photo byNASA/DOE/Fermi LAT CollaborationThe Fermi team also released its view of a largely unexplored region of high-energy astrophysics. These energies are greater than 10 billion electronvolts and extend up to about 300 billion electron volts (visible light has an energy of about 2 or 3 electronvolts). At these energies, the Fermi all-sky map also shows signatures of the giant gamma-ray bubbles quite clearly. The observatory has found 496 objects in this energy region, and 168 are unidentified. Dave Thompson, Fermi deputy project scientist, added that multiwavelength observations of these unknown objects are crucial to figuring out what they are.
A later press conference focused on (pun intended) the lower end of the electromagnetic spectrum — infrared radiation. Astronomers from four projects released gorgeous images that are also jam-packed with information about star formation. Scientists can observe dust and thus trace the cold raw material that eventually becomes hot stars, and observe young stars forming behind dust clouds, using infrared light.
These four projects look at slightly different wavelengths, and so astronomers can combine data from different telescopes to see great detail. One of the observations presented today did just that: Data from both the European Space Agency’s Herschel satellite and NASA’s Spitzer telescope show current and potential sites of star formation in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. The images show detail about 5 light-years across.
Tuesday's second press conference focused on infrared radiation. // Photo by Liz Kruesi.Another project used Spitzer to survey the Cygnus X star-formation region, which contains all phases of star creation. The released image covers about 25 square degrees (100 times the size of the Full Moon) and contains some 4 million stars. Astronomers with the project specifically were looking for stellar objects in the early stages of formation.
In the same press conference, Xavier Koenig of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) released new findings about how massive stars form. His team selected a sample of regions in a 1,000-square-degree mosaic of WISE data, and mapped the distributions of young stars in those regions. The data indicate that stars form in a chain reaction once nearby massive star formation begins.
Tuesday included many other highlights — such as a great talk by Gaspar Bakos of Princeton University. He gave an overview of the extrasolar planet search project HATNet, which has been searching for nearly 10 years for planets passing in front of their stars. It’s found about 30 so far. This project is just one case of small telescopes doing big science. (The automated telescope system is made up of 4-inch and 8-inch scopes across the globe.)
Tomorrow promises another exciting day filled with announcements, poster presentations, and interesting talks.
Read about my recap of Monday at AAS here.
Clusters of Stars Crackle and Pop to Tell the Story of Star Formation
This enormous section of the Milky Way galaxy is a mosaic of images from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE. The constellations Cassiopeia and Cepheus are featured in this 1,000-square degree expanse. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA
Astronomers trying to understand the formation of massive clusters of stars are getting a better idea of how the process works from the latest images and data from the WISE spacecraft. NASA’s Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer has captured a vast stretch of nearly a dozen nebulae popping with new star birth, which is helping to narrow the field of possible star-forming scenarios.
“We are trying to understand how huge clusters of stars form at the same time from a large cloud of gas,” said Xavier Koenig from Goddard Space Flight Center, speaking at a press briefing from the American Astronomical Society meeting this week. “We have two possible pictures of how this process works and WISE is helping us piece together the chain of events.”
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Hubble study challenges “cosmic fireworks” as largest driver of galaxy growth
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/10/2012
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Chandra finds largest galaxy cluster in early universe
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/10/2012
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On the road: January 2012 AAS meeting, Monday recap
I’ve successfully survived the first full day of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) meeting. I managed to attend all three press conferences, two invited talks, a session on extrasolar planets, a few science education presentations, and the poster exhibition hall. Plus, I caught up with a few fellow science journalists and met with an associate editor of our sister publication, Discover magazine.
The LOFAR project has begun taking data, and will be completely installed later this year. // Photo by Liz KruesiAt the first press conference of the day, astronomers released the largest dark matter maps yet. They combined five years of observations from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope showing how the invisible dark matter in massive galaxy clusters warps background radiation. Each map is comparable to the size of the palm of your hand. The team released two-dimensional maps today, but they’ve also collected three-dimensional data and plan on incorporating this later.
After the dark matter announcement, I listened in on a few presentations about extrasolar planets. A major theme was how important it is to understand the star when investigating the planets orbiting it. The star is the system’s prime energy and gravity source, and its characteristics (especially temperature) define the system’s habitable zone — where water could possibly exist on a world’s surface. Along those lines, a talk by Billy Quarles of the University of Texas at Arlington described the habitability of the Kepler-16 system. His team suggested astronomers look to see if a moon is orbiting the Saturn-sized Kepler-16b, because if so, it could be habitable.
After lunch, we reconvened for another press conference — this one about the LOFAR radio telescope. This project is located in the Netherlands, a seemingly unusual place for a radio observatory. However, with advanced computer processing, it has so far been successful at filtering out background radio sound (although the motion of windmill blades seems to cause some problems). The LOFAR team announced today that the project’s hardware will be fully installed and online later this year, and LOFAR has already begun taking data in two bands: the low band looks at frequencies between 30 and 75 Megahertz (MHz), and the high band observes between 115 and 185 MHz. There’s a gap between 75 and 115 MHz because of FM radio signals.
Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg gave the last talk of the evening on Monday January 9. // Photo by Liz KruesiThe last session of the night — a public talk by Steven Weinberg, Nobel laureate of physics — was great, but also a bit depressing. Titled “Big science in crisis,” he focused on how difficult it is for huge science projects (such as particle accelerators and space observatories) to get funding. The current financial climate, combined with the requirement to cut 8 percent of the federal non-defense budget at the end of the year, means it will only get harder.
So spread your excitement for science, and get others interested in it. Until the public perception changes and people realize that science is important, and that it leads to incredible technology, funding will continue to decrease.
When galaxy clusters collide
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/10/2012
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From our vantage point in theScientists searching for Earth-type planets should consider two-star systems
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/9/2012
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8 Years of Spirit on Mars – Pushing as Hard as We Can and Beyond !
Spirit Mars rover – view from Husband Hill summit
Spirit snapped this self portrait from the summit of Husband Hill inside Gusev crater on Sol 618 on 28 September 2005. The rovers were never designed or intended to climb mountains. It took more than 1 year for Spirit to scale the Martian mountain. This composite image was created by an international team of amateur astronomers and appeared on the cover of the 14 November 2005 issue of Aviation Week & Space Technology magazine and the April 2006 issue of Spaceflight magazine. Also selected by Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) on 28 November 2005. Credit: Marco Di Lorenzo, Douglas Ellison, Bernhard Braun and Kenneth Kremer. NASA/JPL/Cornell/Aviation Week & Space Technology
January 2012 marks the 8th anniversary since of the daring landing’s of “Spirit” and “Opportunity” – NASA’s now legendary twin Mars Exploration Rovers (MER), on opposite sides of the Red Planet in January 2004. They proved that early Mars was warm and wet – a key finding in the search for life beyond Earth.
I asked the leaders of the MER team to share some thoughts celebrating this mind-boggling milestone of “8 Years on Mars” and the legacy of the rovers for the readers of Universe Today. This story focuses on Spirit, first of the trailblazing twin robots, which touched down inside Gusev Crater on Jan. 3, 2004. Opportunity set down three weeks later on the smooth hematite plains of Meridiani Planum.
“Every Sol is a gift. We push the rovers as hard as we can,” Prof. Steve Squyres informed Universe Today for this article commemorating Spirit’s landing. Squyres, of Cornell University, is the Scientific Principal Investigator for the MER mission. (…)
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Astronomy Cast – Episode 247: The Ages of Things
This is going to be one of the “how we know what we know” kind of shows. How do scientist determine the age of things? How do we know the age of everything from stone tools, to the age of the Earth, to the age of the very Universe.
This episode of Astronomy Cast was recorded as a live Google+ hangout. If you’d like to participate in future recordings, circle Fraser on Google+ to get a notification about when the episode starts.
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The Next Generation of Robotic Space Explorers – Powered by Bacteria!
Illustration of how a tiny robotic explorer could use bacteria as a fuel source. Credit: NASA/Naval Research Laboratory
As technology advances, a lot of the gadgets and other things we use keep getting smaller, lighter and thinner. Now that trend may soon be taken to another extreme – small robotic space explorers which in turn use a miniscule power source – bacteria.
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Analysis of the First Kepler SETI Observations
Example of signals KOI 817 and KOI 812. Credit: The Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence at UC Berkeley
As the Kepler space telescope begins finding its first Earth-sized exoplanets, with the ultimate goal of finding ones that are actually Earth-like, it would seem natural that the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) program would take a look at them as well, in the continuing search for alien radio signals. That is exactly what SETI scientists are doing, and they’ve started releasing some of their preliminary results.
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How Many Moons Does Earth Have?
Asteroid 2005 YU55 isn't a moon now, but it could be… someday. Credit: NASA/JPL/Caltech.
Look up in a clear night sky. How many moons do you see? Chances are, you’re only going to count to one. Admittedly, if you count any higher and you’re not alone, you may get some funny looks cast in your direction. But even though you may not be able to actually see them, there may very well be more moons out there orbiting our planet.
For the time being, anyway.
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Named for a forgotten constellation, theThe week in pictures: January 1–6, 2012
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/6/2012
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Exomoons? Kepler‘s On The Hunt
An artist impression of an exomoon orbiting an exoplanet, could the exoplanet's wobble help astronomers? (Andy McLatchie)
Recently, I posted an article on the feasibility of detecting moons around extrasolar planets. It was determined that exceptionally large moons (roughly Earth mass moons or more), may well be detectable with current technology. Taking up that challenge, a team of astronomers led by David Kipping from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics has announced they will search publicly available Kepler data to determine if the planet-finding mission may have detected such objects.
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The Contributor to SN 2011fe
Supernova PTF11kly/2011fe in M101. Credit: Rick Johnson
When discovered on August 24, 2011, supernova 2011fe was the closest supernova since the famous SN 1987A. Located in the relatively nearby Pinwheel galaxy (M101), it was a prime target for scientists to study since the host galaxy has been well studied and many high resolution images exist from before the explosion, allowing astronomers to search them for information on the star that led to the eruption. But when astronomers, led by Weidon Li, at the University of California, Berkeley searched, what they found defied the typically accepted explanations for supernovae of the same type as 2011fe.
(…)
Read the rest of The Contributor to SN 2011fe (369 words)
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Grand Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232 Journal Club: On Nothing
Today’s article is about nothing.
According to Wikipedia, a journal club is a group of individuals who meet regularly to critically evaluate recent articles in scientific literature. Being Universe Today if we occasionally stray into critically evaluating each other’s critical evaluations, that’s OK too. And of course, the first rule of Journal Club is… don’t talk about Journal Club.
So, without further ado – today’s journal article under the spotlight is about nothing.(…)
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Solar Powered Dragon gets Wings for Station Soar
SpaceX Dragon set to dock at International Space Station on COTS 2/3 mission
Falcon 9 launch of Dragon on COTS 2/3 mission is slated for Feb.7, 2012 from pad 40 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Artist’s rendition of Dragon spacecraft with solar panels fully deployed on orbit. ISS crew will grapple Dragon and berth to ISS docking port. Credit: NASA
The Dragon has grown its mighty wings
SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft has gotten its wings and is set to soar to the International Space Station (ISS) in about a month. NASA and SpaceX are currently targeting a liftoff on Feb. 7 from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
Dragon is a commercially developed unmanned cargo vessel constructed by SpaceX under a $ 1.6 Billion contract with NASA. The Dragon spacecraft will launch atop a Falcon 9 booster rocket also built by SpaceX, or Space Exploration Technologies.(…)
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Tranquillityite – Moon Mineral Found In Western Australia
A mineral brought back to Earth by the first men on the Moon and long thought to be unique to the lunar surface has been found in Australian rocks more than one billion years old, scientists say. Image Credit: Birger Rasmussen
When it comes to our natural human curiosity, we want to know if there’s something new out there… something we haven’t discovered yet. That’s why when lunar rock samples were returned, geologists were thrilled to find very specific minerals – armalcolite, pyroxferroite and tranquillityite – which belonged only to our Moon. However, over the years the first two were found here on Earth and tranquillityite was disclosed in specific meteorites. Named for Tranquility Base, site of the first Moon landing, tranquillityite was supposed to be the final hold-out… the last lunar unique mineral… until now.
Birger Rasmussen, paleontologist with Curtin University in Perth, and colleagues report in their Geology paper that they’ve uncovered tranquillityite in several remote locations in Western Australia. While the samples are incredibly small, about the width of a human hair and merely microns in length, their composition is undeniable. What’s more, tranquillityite may be a lot more common here on Earth than previously thought.
Rasmussen told the Sydney Morning Herald, “This was essentially the last mineral which was sort of uniquely lunar that had been found in the 70s from these samples returned from the Apollo mission.The mineral has since been found exclusively in returned lunar samples and lunar meteorites, with no terrestrial counterpart. We have now identified tranquillityite in six sites from Western Australia.”
Why has this remote mineral stayed hidden for so long? One major reason is its delicate structure. Composed of iron, silicon, oxygen, zirconium, titanium and a tiny bit of yttrium, a rare earth element, tranquillityite erodes at a rapid pace when exposed to natural environmental conditions. Another explanation is that tranquillityite can only form through a unique set of circumstance – through uranium decay. Rasmussen explains it’s evidence these minerals were ‘always’ located here on Earth and we share the same chemical processes as our satellite.
“This means that basically we have the same chemical phenomena on the Moon and on Earth.” says Rasmussen. And one of the reasons why it has taken so long to be found is, “No one was looking hard enough.”
Image Credit: Birger Rasmussen
And exactly what does it take to locate it? More than a billion years old, the only sure way to identify tranquillityite is to subject it to a series of electron blasts. By exposing it to a high-energy accelerating electron beam, it produces spectra. From there “an elemental composition in combination with back-scattered electron (BSE) brightness and x-ray count rate information is converted into mineral phases.” According to Rasmussen’s paper, “Terrestrial tranquillityite commonly occurs as clusters of fox-red laths closely associated with baddeleyite and zirconolite in quartz and K-feldspar intergrowths in late-stage interstices between plagioclase and pyroxene.”
While it has no real economic value, terrestrial tranquillityite is another good reason why mankind should try to preserve pristine regions such as the northeast Pilbara Region and the Eel Creek formation. Who knows what else we might find?
Original Story Source: PhysOrg.com.
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Virtual Star Parties, More Astronomers Needed
For those of you following me on Google+, you know that I’ve been hosting virtual star parties with Phil Plait and Pamela Gay. We’ve teamed up with astronomer Mike Phillips who has been livestreaming his telescopes into a Google+ Hangout and then broadcasting it live so everyone can watch. So, it’s sort of like looking through an amazing telescope, but with color commentary from us at the same time.
It’s been an amazing experience so far, but I know it can be even better. I need to find more astronomers able to livestream the view from their telescopes into a webcam and then into a Google+ Hangout. I’d like to have multiple telescopes going at the same time, with different views of the skies. Some focused on planets, others at deep sky objects.
And it doesn’t have to be big telescopes. There are beautiful objects in the sky, like open clusters, which look better with a wider field of view.
So, if you’re interested in participating, you’ll need to have a way to get the view from your telescope, into a webcam, and then use that webcam to join a Google+ Hangout. If you can do that, drop me an email at info@universetoday.com and we’ll run some tests.
Here are two previous nights of experiments that we’ve done so far.
Virtual Star Party – January 6th, 2012
Virtual Star Party – January 5th, 2012
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A Wide Field Image of the Galactic Center Unexpected astronomy
Whenever New Year’s Day comes and goes, many publications will take the time to look back and list some of the top things (people, photos, stories) of the previous year. (And of course, we’re no exception.) When lexicographer Grant Barrett compiled a list of 2011’s catchwords for The New York Times, I expected (and got) political and pop cultural entries.
The English Channel Island of Sark became an official dark-sky site in 2011, helping propel “Dark Sky” as one of the most important phrases of the year. // Photo by Phillip CapperBut, nestled in among words like Kardash (“A unit of time measuring 72 days”) and Super Committee (“A group of 12 lawmakers … that tried to make a plan on how to reduce the deficit”), was a familiar old term: Dark Sky. Barrett says it “designates a place free of nighttime light pollution. For example, the island of Sark in the English Channel is a dark-sky island.” So pretty much the accepted definition, I thought to myself.
Still, it’s exciting to see an astronomical concept pointed out as an important remnant of 2011’s language. It may not be a huge deal, but it’s always nice to see our favorite science (and particularly the touchy subject of light pollution) get some time in the spotlight. With any luck, it’ll remain an issue that even non-astronomers care about. Though, even I’ll admit, perhaps not as fervently as other items on Barrett’s list.
What words from 2011 do you think will stick with us? Do you think “Dark Sky” deserves its place in Barrett’s pantheon? Let me know in the comments section below.
American Astronomical Society January 2012 meeting preview
Well, it’s that time of the year again — when thousands of astronomers convene to present their new findings. This year, the American Astronomical Society (AAS) winter meeting takes place in Austin, Texas. It officially begins Sunday the 8th, which is when I head down. I lived in Austin for a year and a half before returning to Astronomy magazine, and I am excited to visit the city again. (Texas BBQ is definitely one reason.)
Some 2,800 astronomers are expected to attend the AAS conference, and the press schedule looks packed with new discoveries. There are also a few presentations about the state of huge projects (like the James Webb Space Telescope [Hubble’s successor] and the Kepler mission to detect extrasolar planets) and other public events, so if you’re in the Austin area for those, consider heading over to the convention center.
While at the conference, I’ll be blogging and tweeting (@Astronomymag) to report new science findings. It’s also a great time to catch up with the astronomers I’ve communicated with for our Ask Astro column and other articles in the magazine (plus my previous professors and fellow science writers).
Orbiting in the plane ofNew computer model explains lakes and storms on Titan
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/5/2012
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Four New Exoplanets to Start Off the New Year!
Artist's conception of a "hot Jupiter" orbiting close to its star. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle (SSC)
It’s only a few days into 2012 and already some new exoplanet discoveries have been announced. As 2011 ended, there were a total of 716 confirmed exoplanets and 2,326 planetary candidates, found by both orbiting space telescopes like Kepler and ground-based observatories. The pace of new discoveries has accelerated enormously in the past few years. Now there are four more confirmed exoplanets to add to the list.
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Lurking behind dust and stars near the plane of ourThe smoky pink core of the Omega Nebula
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/4/2012
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Space Station Crew Anticipating SpaceX Dragon’s Arrival
As part of the COTS 3 objectives Dragon approaches the ISS, so astronauts can reach it with the robotic arm. Illustration: NASA / SpaceX.
In a media chat on Wednesday three crew members from the International Space Station said they are anticipating the historic arrival of SpaceX’s Dragon cargo ship to the ISS next month. “For all of us, we’re very excited about it,” said ISS Commander Dan Burbank. “Number one, for the sake of the Space Station, that is critical capability — to resupply the station and be able to return critical hardware, or payloads… And down the road it also affords capability to actually deliver crew to the station. I think that is very exciting.”
Burbank called the first arrival of a commercial vehicle “the start of new era.”
(…)
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Beam Me Up, Obama: Conspiracy Theory Claims President Teleported to Mars
Was the 44th President of the United States a top-secret teenage Mars explorer?
Forget 2012 prophecies, Mayan calendars and lurking planets that go only by the name “X”… there’s an even kookier conspiracy theory in town, and it has to do with our nation’s fearless leader and his teenage teleportation adventures on Mars.
Yes, you read that right.
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Higher than the Swap or sell your astro-gear in Sheboygan
On March 10, 2012, the Sheboygan Astronomical Society is hosting the fifth annual Swap ’N’ Sell. This year’s event will take place at the Aviation Heritage Center of the Sheboygan Airport in Wisconsin from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. For those of you who own a GPS or like to use Google Maps or MapQuest, the address is N6191 Resource Drive, Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin 53085.
Maybe you have some astronomy stuff like telescopes, eyepieces, accessories, cameras, or books that you no longer use. If so, this event offers a great opportunity for you to sell or swap your items with other amateur astronomers. Or come on by to pick up something you’ve been searching for, and then stay for a while to chat with like-minded individuals.
In addition to the Swap ’N’ Sell, you’ll also have the opportunity to sit in on four talks. At 10 a.m., Jeff Setzer will present “Sir Patrick Moore: The Most Famous Amateur Astronomer You’ve Barely Heard Of.” Randy Griffin’s noon talk is “Where in the Universe?” At 1 p.m., Ty Westbrook goes the historical route in his production, “The Leviathan of Parsons Town: Irish Astronomy in the Victorian Age.”
Oh, and the fourth talk? It’s at 11 a.m., and it’s by me. Apparently, I’m making a big announcement that will affect the future of all amateur astronomy in this region. Is that enough of a tease? (And, no, I won’t be proclaiming the world’s end in December.)
Wisconsin Astronomy (www.wiastro.com) will be providing $ 500 in door prizes. And, because this is Wisconsin, there will be brats and (non-alcoholic) drinks for sale.
NASA’s twin GRAIL spacecraft reunite in lunar orbit
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/3/2012
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
What Can You See in the Night Sky in January 2012?
Jane Houston Jones from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory provides an overview of what is in the night sky this month, including a pretty parade of planets: Venus shining brightly at dusk, while Jupiter watches from overhead; Mars comes up before midnight, and you can see Saturn near sunrise.
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Where’s the full Moon?Two new Moons join the Moon – GRAIL Twins Achieve New Year’s Orbits
GRAIL-A and GRAIL-B spacecraft reached Lunar Orbit on New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day
Illustration shows NASA’s twin GRAIL spacecraft flying in tandem orbit around the Moon. They will map the Moon's gravity field with unprecedented precision to unlock hidden secrets about the Moon’s interior composition and determine if it possesses an inner core to enable a reconstruction of the Moon’s early evolution. Credit: Lockheed Martin
Take a good close look at the Moon today and consider this; Two new Moon’s just reached orbit.
NASA is ringing in the New Year with a double dose of campaign toasts celebrating the back to back triumphal insertions of a pair of tiny probes into tandem lunar orbits this weekend that seek to unravel the hidden mysteries lurking deep inside the Moon and figure out how the inner solar system formed eons ago.
Following closely on the heels of her twin sister, NASA’s GRAIL-B spacecraft ignited her main braking rockets precisely as planned on New Year’s Day (Jan.1) to go into a formation flying orbit around the Moon, chasing behind GRAIL-A which arrived on New Year’s Eve (Dec. 31).
“Now we have them both in orbit. What a great feeling!!!!” NASA manager Jim Green told Universe Today just minutes after the thruster firing was done. (…)
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New Year – New Calendar… But Johns Hopkins Scholars Say We Need A Permanent Edition
Hanke-Henry Permanent Calendar – Credit: Richard Conn Henry/Johns Hopkins University
It’s another new year and time to remember to write new dates again. While it might take a few weeks to remember to do it right first time, Johns Hopkins Scholars say our traditional calendar needs a major overhaul. By utilizing computer programs and mathematical formulas, Richard Conn Henry, an astrophysicist in the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, and Steve H. Hanke, an applied economist in the Whiting School of Engineering, have devised a new calendar where each year is identical to the year before it… and the year after. (…)
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Guest Post: The Cosmic Energy Inventory
The Cosmic Energy Inventory chart by Markus Pössel, Haus der Astronomie. Click for larger version.
Editor’s Note: Markus Pössel is a theoretical physicist turned astronomical outreach scientist. He is the managing scientist at the Centre for Astronomy Education and Outreach “Haus der Astronomie” in Heidelberg, Germany.
Now that the old year has drawn to a close, it’s traditional to take stock. And why not think big and take stock of everything there is?
Let’s base our inventory on energy. And as Einstein taught us that energy and mass are equivalent, that means automatically taking stock of all the mass that’s in the universe, as well – including all the different forms of matter we might be interested in.
Of course, since the universe might well be infinite in size, we can’t simply add up all the energy. What we’ll do instead is look at fractions: How much of the energy in the universe is in the form of planets? How much is in the form of stars? How much is plasma, or dark matter, or dark energy?
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To Fly Free in Space
At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was farther out than anyone had ever been before.
First GRAIL Twin Enters Lunar Orbit – NASA’s New Year’s Gift to Science
GRAIL-A spacecraft achieved Lunar Orbit Insertion on New Year’s Eve.
Artists concept shows twin GRAIL spacecraft orbiting the Moon. The twin GRAIL spacecraft will fly in tandem to map the moon’s gravity field with unprecedented precision to unlock hidden secrets about the moons interior composition, determine if it possesses an inner core, and yield a better understanding of how Earth and other rocky planets in the solar system formed. Credit: NASA
See JPL Mission Control photos below
Cheers erupted after the first of NASA’s twin $ 496 Million Moon Mapping probes entered orbit on New Year’s Eve (Dec. 31) upon completion of the 40 minute main engine burn essential for insertion into lunar orbit. The small GRAIL spacecraft will map the lunar interior with unprecedented precision to deduce the Moon’s hidden interior composition.
“Engines stopped. It’s in a great initial orbit!!!! ”
- NASA’s Jim Green told Universe Today, just moments after verification of a successful engine burn and injection of the GRAIL-A spacecraft into an initial eliptical orbit. Green is the Director of Planetary Science at NASA HQ and was stationed inside Mission Control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Ca (see photos below).
“Pop the bubbly & toast the moon! NASA’s GRAIL-A spacecraft is in lunar orbit,” NASA tweeted (…)
Read the rest of First GRAIL Twin Enters Lunar Orbit – NASA’s New Year’s Gift to Science (870 words)
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On December 24,2011: Top Stories from the Best Year Ever for NASA Planetary Science!
2011 – NASA’s Year of the Solar System – The Story of How We Came to Be!
Asteroid Vesta from Dawn – Unveiling a Former Fuzzy Blob with Exquisite Clarity
NASA's Dawn spacecraft achieved orbit at the giant asteroid Vesta in July 2011. The depiction of Vesta is based on images obtained by Dawn's framing cameras. Dawn is an international collaboration of the US, Germany and Italy. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
A year ago, 2011 was proclaimed as the “Year of the Solar System” by NASA’s Planetary Science division. And what a year of excitement it was indeed for the planetary science community, amateur astronomers and the general public alike !
NASA successfully delivered astounding results on all fronts – On the Story of How We Came to Be.
“2011 was definitely the best year ever for NASA Planetary Science!” said Jim Green in an exclusive interview with Universe Today. Green is the Director of Planetary Science for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA HQ. “The Search for Life is a significant priority for NASA.”(…)
Read the rest of 2011: Top Stories from the Best Year Ever for NASA Planetary Science! (2,405 words)
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The week in pictures: December 17–30, 2011
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/30/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
The monster at the center of our Galaxy is about to getShould We Terraform Mars?
Artist's conception of a terraformed Mars. Credit: Wikimedia Commons
As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond, the question of habitation or colonization inevitably comes up. Manned bases on the Moon or Mars for example, have long been a dream of many. There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity’s presence on a permanent or at least semi-permanent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments. On the Moon for example, a colony must be self-sustaining and protect its inhabitants from the airless, harsh environment outside.
Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment as well, there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming – essentially trying to tinker with Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. Although still a long ways off technologically, terraforming the Red Planet is seen as a future possibility. Perhaps the bigger question is, should we?
(…)
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Conjunction at SunsetNASA’s twin spacecraft on final approach for Moon orbit
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/29/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Little Galaxies Are Big on Dark Matter
The stellar stream in the halo of the nearby dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 4449 is resolved into its individual starry constituents in this exquisite image taken with the 8.2-meter Subaru Telescope and Suprime-Cam. Image credit: R. Jay GaBany and Aaron J. Romanowsky (UCSC) in collaboration with David Martinez-Delgado (MPIA) and NAOJ. Image processed by R. Jay GaBany
Dark matter… It came into existence at the moment of the Big Bang. Within its confines, galaxies formed and evolved. If you add up all the parts contained within any given galaxy you derive its mass, yet its gravitational effects can only be explained by the presence of this mysterious subatomic particle. It would be easy to believe that the larger the galaxy, the larger the amount of dark matter should be present, but new research shows that isn’t so. Dwarf galaxies have even higher proportions of dark matter than their larger counterparts. Although the dwarfs are the most common of all, we know very little about them – even when they consume each other. Enter the star stream… (…)
Read the rest of Little Galaxies Are Big on Dark Matter (576 words)
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Want Astronomy Apps? There’s a Catalog for That
Screenshot of the Distant Suns version 3.
With the plethora of mobile apps now available for astronomy applications, its hard to keep track of them all. Thanks to astronomer Andy Fraknoi and the American Astronomical Society there’s now a catalog for that. “This catalog is a first attempt to make a list of those of particular interest to astronomy educators,” wrote Fraknoi.
The catalog, published by the Astronomy Education Review, includes a short description and reviews of some — but not all — the apps to help people distinguish which app will best cover their needs. However, “the number of apps is fast outpacing the ability of reviewers to keep up,” Fraknoi said, adding that suggestions and additions for this catalog are most welcome.
Click here to access the app catalog.
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Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3)Look for meteors in the early morning sky
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/28/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Cassini delivers holiday treats from Saturn
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/28/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
NASAs Unprecedented Science Twins are GO to Orbit our Moon on New Years Eve
Twin GRAIL Probes are GO for Lunar Orbit Insertion on New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day
GRAIL probes use precision formation-flying technique to map Lunar Gravity. The twin GRAIL spacecraft will map the moon's gravity field, as depicted in this artist's rendering. Radio signals traveling between the two spacecraft provide scientists the exact measurements required as well as flow of information not interrupted when the spacecraft are at the lunar farside, not seen from Earth. The result should be the most accurate gravity map of the moon ever made. The mission also will answer longstanding questions about Earth's moon, including the size of a possible inner core, and it should provide scientists with a better understanding of how Earth and other rocky planets in the solar system formed. GRAIL is a part of NASA's Discovery Program. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
In less than three days, NASA will deliver a double barreled New Year’s package to our Moon when an unprecedented pair of science satellites fire up their critical braking thrusters for insertion into lunar orbit on New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day.
NASA’s dynamic duo of GRAIL probes are “GO” for Lunar Orbit Insertion said the mission team at a briefing for reporters today, Dec. 28. GRAIL’s goal is to exquisitely map the moons interior from the gritty outer crust to the depths of the core with unparalled precision.
“GRAIL is a Journey to the Center of the Moon”, said Maria Zuber, GRAIL principal investigator from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge at the press briefing. (…)
Read the rest of NASAs Unprecedented Science Twins are GO to Orbit our Moon on New Years Eve (949 words)
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Our Picks of Best Space and Astronomy Images from 2011
First Ever Portrait of the International Space Station and docked Shuttle Endeavour from Soyuz capsule. This image was taken by Expedition 27 crew member Paolo Nespoli from the Soyuz TMA-20 following its undocking on May 23, 2011. It is the first-ever image of a space shuttle docked to the International Space Station. Endeavour at left. European ATV cargo carrier at right. Credit: NASA/Paolo Nespoli
2011 was a picturesque year! The year brought us new discoveries, a new supernova, the end of an era in human spaceflight, and much more. Here’s a look back at some of the best images we’ve posted on Universe Today in 2011, listed in no particular order:
Above, is the first-ever images of a space shuttle docked to the International Space Station were taken by ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli on May 23, 2011 through a window inside the Soyuz TMA-20 vehicle as he and two crewmates were departing the ISS for their return trip to Earth. See the entire gallery of images of this event here.
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The first hint of what will become of ourAs Seen From Space: Volcanic Eruption Creates New Island in the Red Sea
The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this high-resolution, natural-color images on December 23, 2011 showing an island being formed in the Red Sea. Credit: NASA
Looking for some new lake-front property? Here’s the newest available on the planet. Volcanic activity in the Red Sea that started in mid-December has created what looks like a new island. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured a high-resolution, natural-color image on December 23, 2011 showing an apparent island where previously there was none. Here, a thick plume of volcanic ash still rises from the new island.
See below for an image from 2007 of the same region.
(…)
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Christmas Comet Lovejoy captured at Paranal
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/27/2011
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NASA telescopes help find rare galaxy at dawn of time
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/27/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
A Raging Storm System on Saturn
It is one of the largest and longest lived storms ever recorded in our Solar System.
Astrophotos: Christmas Crescent Moon from Around the World
A waning crescent Moon on Dec. 22, 2011 from British Columbia. Credit: Suraky
A beautiful crescent Moon graced the morning and evening skies over the past holiday weekend, and skywatchers around the world were out with with their cameras! Above, Suraky from British Columbia, Canada took this lovely image of the waning sliver of the Moon from his bedroom window. “The Moon was lit by Earthshine on the dark side, at 7am, with Baker poking out between the trees,” he commented on the image.
See more from other astrophotographers below.
(…)
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Soyuz Rocket’s Comet-like Re-Entry Captured on Video
Part of the Soyuz rocket that brought the latest trio of crew members to the International Space Station fell back to Earth on Dec. 24, and its fiery re-entry was captured by several skywatchers in Europe. This footage taken from Germany is the best view of it, and there’s another good view below. Some people mistakenly thought it was a comet; and since this lightshow occurred on Christmas Eve, there were a few who suggested it might be Santa flying across the fly. That would have been bad news, however, to see debris breaking off the sleigh…
Additionally, there are reports that debris from the failed Soyuz rocket that was supposed to send a communications satellite into orbit fell and hit a house in Siberia. An animation of that event is also posted below. (…)
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This is the mess that is left when a star explodes. James Webb Mirrors Pass Deep-Freeze Exams
The James Webb Space Telescope mirrors at Marshall Space Flight Center. Credit: Emmett Given, NASA Marshall
The last of the 21 mirrors for the James Webb Space Telescope have come out of deep freeze – literally! – and are now approved for space operations, a major milestone in the development of the next generation telescope that’s being hailed as the “successor to Hubble.”
(…)
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Astrophoto: Comet Lovejoy from Canberra by Barry Armstead
Comet Lovejoy from Canberra. Image Credit: Barry Armstead
Barry Armstead was among the lucky people who were able to capture the amazing show made by Comet Lovejoy in the skies of the Southern hemisphere the past few days.
“I got up on Thursday night/Friday morning at 3am, checked the sky and it was a black blanket of cloud. I observed for around 20 minutes while simultaneously checking the Bureau of Meteorology to confirm that the clouds weren’t going anywhere. Back to bed to grind my teeth and grumble something about Murphy’s law.
This morning, I stayed up until 1:30am, had a little snooze on the couch and checked the night sky every half hour. At 2:30am the sky turned crystal clear! I loaded everything in the ute and took off like a bull at a gate for the mountains south-west of Canberra and away from the city light.
And there it was! Comet Lovejoy in all it’s glory, lighting up the heavens like a searchlight, signalling passing spacecraft.”
More images from Barry Armstead below!(…)
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December’s lunar eclipse graced
Similar in size to the Milky Way,Journal Club: The Pulsar That Wasn’t
Today’s Journal Club involves the mysterious case of PSR J1841-500, the pulsar that didn’t pulse.
According to Wikipedia, a Journal Club is a group of individuals who meet regularly to critically evaluate recent articles in the scientific literature. Since this is Universe Today if we occasionally stray into critically evaluating each other’s critical evaluations, that’s OK too.
And of course, the first rule of Journal Club is… don’t talk about Journal Club. So, without further ado – today’s journal article involves the mysterious case of PSR J1841-500, the pulsar that didn’t pulse.(…)
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Astrophotos: The Great Orion Nebula
M42 & M43 The Great Orion Nebulae & it’s Core Complex known as the Trapezium Region. Image Credit: John Chumack
The Great Orion nebula is one of the brightest nebulae visible in the night sky. It is located about 1300 light years away in the southern part of the Orion’s belt.
We’ve collected several amazing images of the Great Orion nebula submitted by readers online. Here’s hoping that you’ll enjoy them as much as we did!
The image above was obtained by John Chumack from the high res close-up image of Trapezium taken with his 10” scope ( 30 sec., 1 minute, & 5 minutes) in his backyard in Dayton combined with the image taken using his homemade 16” scope data (10 minutes) taken at his observatory in Yellow Springs, Ohio.
“My image Data was captured in 2010 & 2011 and was then combined. I used my Modified Canon Rebel Xsi (Baader Filter) @ ISO 400, dark frames subtracted, and post processing in Adobe. Total exposure time for all Data was 16.5 minutes.
I processed it for the Trapezium’s core, I wanted to show all the small dark nebula / Dusty Bok Globules buried in that bright Zone, which is often over exposed in most images of this region!
It came out very detailed, especially the Trapezium region and its bright core stars which are also individually visible!”
More images below!(…)
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Today the Sun stands still at 05:30 UT.Celestial bauble intrigues astronomers
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/21/2011
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Astronomers discover two planets that survived their star’s expansion
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/22/2011
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Colorful Holiday Treats from Saturn
The moons Titan and Dione are photographed with rings and Saturn in the background. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
“Hey! Look what our Santa at Saturn has sent our way!” said Carolyn Porco, the Cassini imaging team lead, in a post on Twitter. This wonderful collection of just-released colorful images from the Saturn system are a holiday gift from the Cassini and CICLOPS (Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations)team.
Above, Saturn’s third-largest moon, Dione, can be seen through the haze of the planet’s largest moon, Titan, in this view of the two posing before the planet and its rings from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft.
More treats below!
(…)
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Dawn obtains first low-altitude images of Vesta
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/22/2011
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A Horseshoe Einstein Ring from Hubble
What’s large and blue and can wrap itself around an entire galaxy?
NASA discovers first Earth-sized planets beyond our solar system
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/21/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Another Stunning Image of Comet Lovejoy by Colin Legg
Comet Lovejoy by Colin Legg
It’s been one more day since Colin Legg posted his previous amazing photos and videos of Comet Legg. This new version is even better, especially with it reflecting off the water.
Here’s what Colin had to say about it on IceinSpace:
Had another lovely view of the comet last night wandering the shore of the Estuary. It’s quite unique down there. The Perth and Mandurah sky domes light up the northern half of the sky, while the east and south east are pitch black (except for a couple of small towns). The north glow is enough to walk by once dark adapted.
Anyway, while wandering I came across a small embayment with still water and nice reflections of the comet. Used the same settings as last night to get the attached shot.
Check out some of Colin’s videos over on Vimeo.
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Universe Today’s Tumblr Blog
I’ve finally figured out what to do with all the browser tabs that I have open, but never get around to using: Tumblr. Our new Tumblr blog is a slush pile of links, photos and videos that we just don’t have the time or energy to incorporate into the main Universe Today blog. I’ll warn you, it could easily be 20+ items a day just dumped in there, so if Universe Today is already overwhelming, that’ll be like drinking from a firehose.
Just to let you know, I’m still wrapping my brain around Tumblr, so if you have any suggestions on how to use it better, I’m all ears.
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Some beautiful things begin as grains of sand. 
NGC 253: The Sculptor Galaxy Winter Solstice – The Shortest day of the Year
Stonehenge Winter Solstice Credit: telegraph.co.uk
Depending on how the calendar falls, the December solstice occurs annually on a day between December 20 and 23. This year, the December solstice will occur at 05:30 UTC (12:30 a.m. EST) on December 22, 2011. While the southern hemisphere is experiencing the long days of summer, the northern hemisphere will have the “winter solstice” – often called the shortest day of the year.
Conversely, six months ago the northern hemisphere experienced the longest day with the summer solstice, with the southern hemisphere having their winter solstice. This is part of a never ending cycle and is at the heart of our seasons.
So, why do we call it the shortest day of the year for the winter solstice and longest day for the solstice in the summer? Do we lose some time off the clock in winter, and in summer do we miraculously gain time on the clock in a bizarre cycle that is imposed by old men in charge of calendars and times around the world? (I used to think this as a small boy…)(…)
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Meteorite shock waves trigger dust avalanches on Mars
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/19/2011
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Soyuz Ready for Wintery Launch to the Space Station
The Soyuz TMA-03M spacecraft is lifted on to the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Monday, Dec. 19, 2011. The rocket is being prepared for launch on December 21 to carry the crew of Expedition 30 to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)
Brrrr! It was frigid in Kazakhstan yesterday as the next Soyuz to the ISS rolled to the launchpad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Thermometers read a frosty 24 degrees below zero C, prompting astronaut Don Pettit to comment, “It is so cold that even microphones have a fur hat.” Pettit, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko and European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers will launch aboard their Soyuz TMA-03M spacecraft at 13:16 UTC (8:16 a.m. EST) Wednesday, to bring the crew compliment on the ISS back to six.
You can watch the launch on NASA Television (coverage of the launch begins at 12: 30 UTC (7:30 a.m. EST) or on ESA’s website. ESA TV Live coverage starts for a lift-off (at 14:16) with inserts from Baikonur and TSUP Moscow Mission Control Centre and inside Soyuz capsule.
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Mars-bound rover begins research in space
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/20/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
New insight into the bar in the center of the Milky Way
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/20/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Missions that Weren’t: NASA’s Manned Mission to Venus
Venus as seen by the Pioneer orbiter in 1979. Image Credit: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org
In the mid-1960s, before any Apollo hardware had flown with a crew, NASA was looking ahead and planning its next major programs. It was a bit of a challenge. After all, how do you top landing a man on the Moon? Not wanting to start from scratch, NASA focused on possible missions that would use the hardware and software developed for the Apollo program. One mission that fit within these parameters was a manned flyby of our cosmic twin, Venus. (…)
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Curiosity Starts First Science on Mars Sojurn – How Lethal is Space Radiation to Life’s Survival
NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is currently cruising to Mars and is already investigating the lethality of the interplanetary space radiation environment to humans. After touchdown, Curiosity will investigate Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Barely two weeks into the 8 month journey to the Red Planet, NASA’s Curiosity Mars Science Lab (MSL) rover was commanded to already begin collecting the first science of the mission by measuring the ever present radiation environment in space.
Engineers powered up the MSL Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) that monitors high-energy atomic and subatomic particles from the sun, distant supernovas and other sources.
RAD is the only one of the car-sized Curiosity’s 10 science instrument that will operate both in space as well as on the Martian surface. It will provide key data (…)
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The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer detects “heartbeat” of smallest black hole candidate
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/19/2011
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In The Still Of The Night… Listening To The “Heartbeat” Of A Tiny Black Hole
Artist's rendering showing the jet fully established. Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/CI Lab
Is everything quiet in deep space? Not hardly. It’s a place jammed with noises of all kinds. So much noise, in fact, that it could be quite difficult to pick up a faint signature of something small… something like the smallest black hole known. Thanks to NASA’s Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) , an international team of astronomers have found the pulse they were looking for and it’s a pattern that’s only been seen in one other black hole system. Its name is IGR J17091-3624 and it’s a binary system which consists of a normal star and a black hole with a mass that measures only about three times solar. In theoretical terms, that’s right at the edge where possibility of being a black hole begins. (…)
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Higgs boson NOT discovered (yet)
Last week, scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) announced findings related to their search for the Higgs boson, a long-sought elementary particle. In fact, it’s the only elementary particle predicted in the standard model — the current set of theories physicists think describe the universe at the subatomic level — that science has yet to confirm.
Scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) have made progress finding the elusive Higgs boson, shown here in a simulated particle collision decay path. // Simulation still by CERNSo what did CERN announce? In a word: progress. They can’t say with enough certainty that they’ve found the Higgs boson, but the data are certainly shaping up to indicate they will, perhaps as soon as next year. They’ve also narrowed down the range for the possible mass the particle can take on, which is also helpful. That might not seem like much to announce right now, but it’s still pretty exciting for physicists.
While CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (the particle accelerator making the search possible) has only gotten enough data to indicate the existence of the elusive particle, but not confirm it, even that much is revealing. The results so far paint the Higgs boson just about how current theories predicted, and there’s little evidence of it turning up with wildly different properties. This means that, should it actually be the Higgs boson they’re looking at, modern physics has everything more or less right.
Basically, the Higgs boson explains why particles have mass, something modern physics can only guess at. The actual details are a bit complicated, but the usual analogy is to think of a crowded party. Little-known guests can walk through the crowds relatively quickly, but famous guests would find it harder to move because they’d be surrounded by groups of people. Higgs bosons would act like these groups, impeding the progress of certain particles and thus imbuing them with mass.
There’s also a tendency to refer to the Higgs boson as the “God particle.” Almost every scientist I know hates this term, mostly because it just makes no sense. (There’s nothing divine about the particle, and it doesn’t answer every question about the universe, or even just physics.) The heavenly appellation comes from the title of a book by Nobel laureate Leon Lederman (with Dick Teresi), The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? (Houghton Mifflin, 1993) Apparently, even Lederman is no fan of the nickname; he wanted to name it “The *** Particle” because it was so hard to find, but his editor wouldn’t allow it.
So, while this is good and interesting news for fans of the Higgs boson, CERN still has a way to go before it can officially claim discovery. But that’s how science is — less “Eureka” than hard experiments. If anyone can do it, though, it’s CERN!
Of course, if you think Fermilab has it in the bag, or if you like the name “God particle,” be sure to let us know in the comments section below.
NASA Considers Sending a Telescope to the Outer Solar System
ZEBRA (Zodiacal dust, Extragalactic Background and Reionization Apparatus) is a small, passively cooled optical to near-infrared instrument package that could be added to an outer solar system probe. Credit: NASA/JPL/Caltech
Editors note — Science journalist and author Bruce Dorminey spoke to two NASA scientists about the possibility of mounting a telescope on a spacecraft for an outer planets mission.
Light pollution in our inner solar system, from both the nearby glow of the Sun and the hazy zodiacal glow from dust ground up in the asteroid belt, has long stymied cosmologists looking for a clearer take on the early Universe.
But a team at NASA, JPL and Caltech has been looking into the possibility of hitching an optical telescope to a survey spacecraft on a mission to the outer solar system.
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Why do objects have mass? Eight galaxies found with “reignited” central black holes
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/12/2011
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How Can Growing Galaxies Stay Silent?
The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) with minor satellite galaxy M32
Beginning around 2005, astronomers began discovering the presence of very large galaxies at a distance of around 10 billion lightyears. But while these galaxies were large, they didn’t appear to have a similarly large number of formed stars. Given that astronomers expect galaxies to grow through mergers and mergers tend to trigger star formation, the presence of such large, undeveloped galaxies seemed odd. How could galaxies grow so much, yet have so few stars?
(…)
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NASA Terminates Power, Locks Cargo Doors on Retiring Shuttle Discovery
In Orbiter Processing Facility-1 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, space shuttle Discovery’s payload bay is moments away from being concealed from view as its doors swing shut with the aid of yellow-painted strongbacks, hardware used to support and operate the doors when the shuttle is not in space. Discovery was powered down and the doors were closed for the final time during Space Shuttle Program transition and retirement activities. Credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett
Space Shuttle Discovery was powered down forever and the payload bay doors were locked tight for the final time on Friday, Dec. 16, by technicians at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.
Take a good last glimpse inside the retiring Discovery’s payload bay as the clamshell like doors seal off all indigenous US human spaceflight capability for several years at a minimum.
The historic “Power Down” came after both of the 60 foot long cargo bay doors were swung shut this morning for the last time inside the shuttle hanger known as Orbiter Processing Facility-1 (OPF-1) – in the shadow of the cavernous Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). (…)
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A galaxy blooming with new stars
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/16/2011
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A tough comet survives a close encounter with the Sun
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/16/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Like most other sungrazing comets, Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3)Fermi shows that Tycho’s star shines in gamma rays
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/16/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Astronomy Without A Telescope – Special Relativity From First Principles
There’s hope for us all if a mild-mannered patent office clerk can become Person Of The 20th Century.
Einstein’s explanation of special relativity, delivered in his 1905 paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies focuses on demolishing the idea of ‘absolute rest’, exemplified by the theoretical luminiferous aether. He achieved this very successfully, but many hearing that argument today are left puzzled as to why everything seems to depend upon the speed of light in a vacuum.
Since few people in the 21st century need convincing that the luminiferous aether does not exist, it is possible to come at the concept of special relativity in a different way and just through an exercise of logic deduce that the universe must have an absolute speed – and from there deduce special relativity as a logical consequence.(…)
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The dark, inner shadow of planet EarthThe week in pictures: December 10–16, 2011
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/16/2011
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This surreal, wintry sceneWho needs amateur astronomers?
Recently, astroimager and longtime Astronomy magazine contributor Ken Crawford from Camino, California, sent me a note regarding some astronomical research he had collaborated in.
Ken Crawford stands next to his 20-inch RC Optical Systems Ritchey-Chrétien reflector in his observatory in Rancho Del Sol Camino, California. Crawford used this telescope to take the images of NGC 7600 he discusses in this blog.Some of you might know Ken in a different capacity. He’s one of the prime movers of the Advanced Imaging Conference held in Santa Clara, California, each year. What follows is a great response to someone who asks, “What do amateur astronomers contribute to science?”
Dear Michael,
“It Matters.”
I am excited to bring you some news about a special event that just occurred. I apologize for the long post, but some background needs to go with this story.
Cold Dark Matter is a theory that most of the material in the universe cannot be seen (it’s dark) and that it moves very slowly (it’s cold). It is the leading theory explaining the formation of galaxies, galaxy groups, and even the current known structure of the universe. One of the problems with the theory is that it predicts large amounts of small satellite galaxies called dwarf galaxies. These tiny galaxies are about 1/1000 the mass of our Milky Way, but the problem is that nobody has observed them. If this theory is correct, then where are all the dwarf galaxies that should be there?
Enter professional star-stream hunter David Martinez-Delgado. David is the principal investigator of the Stellar Tidal Stream Survey at the Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg, Germany. He believes the reason we do not see large amounts of dwarf galaxies is because larger galaxies absorb them as part of their formation process. If this is correct, then we should find remnants of these mergers in astronomical observations. These leftovers would show up as trails of dwarf galaxy debris made up mostly of stars. Astronomers call these debris trails star streams.
An international team of professional astronomers led by Martinez-Delgado has identified enormous star streams on the periphery of nearby spiral galaxies. With long-exposure images, the team showed the process of galactic cannibalism theorized between the Milky Way and the Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy. This is happening in our own backyard! Part of the work involves using computer modeling to show how larger galaxies merge and absorb the smaller ones.
Enter the amateurs. David recruited a small group of astroimagers to help search for and detect these stellar fossils. The team leader is R. Jay GaBany [another longtime Astronomy contributor], and you can read more about the Pilot Star Stream Survey here: http://www.cosmotography.com/images/stellar_stream_survey_overview.html.
Several years ago, GaBany asked me to become part of this team, and I have made several contributions to the survey. I am excited to announce that my latest contribution has resulted in a professional letter that has been accepted by The Astronomical Journal.
What makes this special is that Carlos Frenk, the director of the Institute for Computational Cosmology at Durham University in England, and his team found that my image of galaxy NGC 7600 helped validate their computer model. In particular, my picture helped explain how larger galaxies form by absorbing satellite dwarf galaxies and why we do not see large number of dwarf galaxies today. Carlos has appeared on several shows on the Science and Discovery channels, to name a few, to explain and show some of these amazing simulations. You can read more about Carlos here: http://www.iau.org/public_press/images/detail/iau1103c.
Of course, I got excited about my participation in this pro-am collaboration. The target galaxy has some special features called shells. I had to take long exposures and then carefully process the images to detect these structures and show the delicate anatomy within. Previous images of NGC 7600’s shell structures have not shown them this well. I also included two movies below the images on this website: http://www.imagingdeepsky.com/Galaxies/NGC7600/NGC7600.htm. The top one shows my image of NGC 7600 blending into the simulation at about the point when the shells start to form. The bottom movie shows the complete simulation. Don’t forget to click the full-screen button to zoom and pan around for the details.
What is groundbreaking scientifically is that the simulation uses the Cold Dark Matter theory modeling the dark matter halos of the galaxies. As you can see, it is pretty convincing. So now you know why we do not observe lots of dwarf galaxies in the universe. And it took an amateur’s help to find out.
Here is a link to The Astronomical Journal Letters paper: http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2864.
Kindest Regards,
Ken Crawford
www.imagingdeepsky.com
Great work, Ken, and congratulations! And keep those images coming.
Best Look Yet of Comet Lovejoy’s Slingshot Around the Sun
There have been some great images and video of Comet Lovejoy’s close encounter with the Sun, but this video put together by Scott Wiessinger from Goddard Spaceflight Center combines and zooms in on the best views from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which adjusted its cameras in order to watch the trajectory.
The first part of the video from SDO, (taken in 171 Angstrom wavelength, which is typically shown in yellow) taken on Dec 15, 2011 showing Comet Lovejoy moving in toward the Sun, with its tail “wiggling” from its interaction with the solar wind. The second part of the clip shows the comet exiting from behind the right side of the Sun, after an hour of travel through its closest approach.
Amazing to be able to follow this comet’s journey so closely!
© nancy for Universe Today, 2011. |
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A black hole’s dinner is fast approaching
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/14/2011
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A galaxy cluster gets sloshed
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/14/2011
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Young star rebels against its parent cloud
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/15/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Closest type Ia supernova in decades solves a cosmic mystery
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/15/2011
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Our Moon turned red last week. 
Strange shapes and textures can be found in neighborhoodMeteorite Alert! Remote Cameras Capture Slow-Moving Fireball near Toronto
The huge fireball event as seen from a remote camera in Orangeville, Ontario. Credit: University of Western Ontario
In newly released footage from the University of Western Ontario, a bright, slow-moving fireball was captured in the skies near Toronto, Canada on December 12, 2011 by remote cameras watching for meteors. Although this meteor looks huge as it burns up in Earth’s atmosphere, astronomers estimate the rock to have been no bigger than a basketball. Footage reveals it entered the atmosphere at a shallow angle of 25 degrees, moving about 14 km per second. It first became visible over Lake Erie then moved toward the north-northeast.
See below for the video.
But in a meteorite-hunter alert, Peter Brown, the Director of Western’s Centre for Planetary & Space Exploration said that data garnered from the remote cameras suggest that surviving fragments of the rock are likely, with a mass that may total as much as a few kilograms, likely in the form of many fragments in one gram to hundreds of a gram size range.
(…)
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Our Own Private Hell: Unlocking Mercury’s Enigmatic Past
Craters and secondary craters create a hellish scene in this MESSENGER image of Mercury. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
Editor’s note: Bruce Dorminey, science journalist and author of “Distant Wanderers: The Search for Planets Beyond the Solar System,” interviews NASA’s MESSENGER mission Project Scientist Ralph McNutt about what we are learning about Mercury.
Thirty-five years after NASA’s Mariner 10 interplanetary probe flew by and imaged less than half of tiny Mercury’s surface, NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft now orbits our Solar System’s enigmatic and poorly understood innermost planet. After a six-and-a-half-year journey — which included three flybys of Mercury — MESSENGER is now the first spacecraft to take up long-term residence around this hard-to-reach and hellish planet.
Crater-scarred Mercury lies at an average distance of only 58 million kms from the Sun, so searingly close that its angular separation (or elongation) from our own star is never more than 28 degrees. This all makes it extremely difficult to study from Earth.
Thus, planetary scientists are thrilled to finally be analyzing new in situ data from the MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) spacecraft.
To get some perspective on the findings and Mercury itself, we turned to the MESSENGER Project Scientist Ralph McNutt at Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Lab.
Dorminey — Is the MESSENGER data already shaking up Mercury paradigms?
(…)
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Dawn spirals down to lowest orbit
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/13/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Revolutionary Air-Launched Commercial Rocket to Orbit Announced by Microsoft Billionaire Paul Allen
Stratolaunch Systems Carrier Aircraft – Air Launch to Orbit Space Launch System
Developed by Scaled Composites, the aircraft manufacturer and assembler founded by Burt Rutan. The carrier will loft and drop the 500,000 pound multistage SpaceX rocket that will propel payloads to orbit at dramatically reduced costs. It will be the largest aircraft ever flown with a wing span of 385 feet and weighing 1.2 million pounds. Credit: Stratolaunch Systems
Watch complete video animation description below
A mega quartet of luminaries led by Microsoft co-founder Paul G. Allen and legendary aerospace designer Burt Rutan have joined forces to create a revolutionary new approach to space travel entailing the privately funded development of a mammoth air-launched space transportation system that aims to dramatically cut the high costs and risks of launching both cargo and human crews to low Earth orbit.
Allen and Rutan are teaming up with Elon Musk, founder of Space Exploration Technologies Corp, or SpaceX, and Michael Griffin, former NASA Administrator, to build the world’s largest aircraft ever flown and use it as a platform to loft a multi-stage SpaceX rocket that will deliver a payload of some 13,500 pounds into earth orbit, about the same class as a Delta II. .
Allen and Rutan hope to build (…)
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Russian Space Program Prepares for Phobos-Grunt Re-Entry
Configuration of the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft. Credit: NPO Lavochkin
Editor’s note: Dr. David Warmflash, principal science lead for the US team from the LIFE experiment on board the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft, provides an update on the mission for Universe Today.
As last-ditch efforts to recover control of the unpiloted Phobos-Grunt spacecraft continue, officials, engineers, and scientists at the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) have shifted their focus to the issue of reentry. Launched November 9 by a Zenit-2 rocket on a mission to return a sample from Phobos, the larger of Mars’ two small moons, the spacecraft reached low Earth orbit. However, since the engine of the upper stage that was to propel it on a trajectory to Mars failed to ignite, the spacecraft continues to orbit Earth in a low orbit. Despite some limited success in communicating with Phobos-Grunt by way of tracking stations that the European Space Agency (ESA) operates in Perth, Australia, and Masplalomas, Canary Islands, the spacecraft remains stranded in an orbit whose decay will take the craft into the atmosphere sometime in early January.
(…)
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Early black holes grew big by eating cold, fast food
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/13/2011
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Solar storms could “sandblast” the Moon
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/12/2011
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Astronomy magazine now available on special collector’s DVD set
Do you suffer from sagging bookshelves? Do you routinely walk in zigzags in your home to get from point A to point B because of the stacks of Astronomy magazines taking up space everywhere? Do your children or grandchildren conceal themselves behind those paper towers whenever you play Hide-n-Seek, snickering at you because you can’t find them?
Astronomy magazine's new special collector's DVD set is the perfect cure for anyone with sagging bookshelves! Kalmbach Publishing Co. photo If you suffer from any of these symptoms, then I have great news for you, my friend. Every issue of your favorite astronomy title — from its inception in August 1973 to December 2010 — is now available on two small, slim computer DVDs! That’s right, you can possess every issue of the world’s best-selling astronomy magazine in full digital clarity and convenience in a format that takes up no more space than that copy of Alien Autopsy you won’t admit you own.
After a tremendous amount of work this summer by the staff of Astronomy magazine, we’re proud to announce the release of “The Complete Collection 1973–2010” on DVD ROM.
Imagine accessing any issue without the fear of those paper towers falling on you. Can’t you just hear the sigh of relief from your bookshelves once relieved of their weighty burden? You’ll soon walk in straight lines again. And finding those snickering kids? Forget about it!
Seriously, this special collector’s set is awesome. Not only will you be able to access on your Mac or PC every issue published during the past four decades, but you’ll also enjoy the convenience of quick keyword searches to help you locate the articles you seek, and you can print anything you need for easy reference. Plus, this DVD set includes bonus material you can’t get anywhere else, including a complete 38-page history of the magazine written by Astronomy Editor David J. Eicher with dozens of behind-the-scenes photographs.
Released just in time for the holidays, this special collector’s set makes the perfect gift for that person on your list who loves the night … er, has always shown a passion for … all right, YOU.
A Blood-Red Moon
December 10 lunar eclipse by Joseph Brimacombe
Photographer Joseph Brimacombe created this stunning image of a ruddy Moon made during the total lunar eclipse of December 10, 2011. Images taken during the penumbral and total phases of the eclipse were combined to create a full-face image of the Moon in color. Beautiful!
(…)
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Dawn swoops to lowest orbit around Vesta – Unveiling Spectacular Alien World
Dawn Orbiting Vesta
This artist's concept shows NASA's Dawn spacecraft orbiting the giant asteroid Vesta. The depiction of Vesta is based on images obtained by Dawn's framing cameras. Dawn is an international collaboration of the US, Germany and Italy. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
NASA’s Dawn Asteroid Orbiter successfully spiraled down today to the closest orbit the probe will ever achieve around the giant asteroid Vesta, and has now begun the most critical science observations that will ultimately yield the highest resolution measurements to be obtained of this spectacular body throughout the entire mission.
“What can be more exciting than to explore an alien world that until recently was virtually unknown!” Dr. Marc Rayman gushed in an exclusive to Universe Today. Rayman is Dawn’s Chief Engineer from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif.. and a protégé of Star Trek’s Mr. Scott.
Before Dawn, Vesta was little more than a fuzzy blob in the world’s most powerful telescopes. Vesta is the second most massive object in the main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter.(…)
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Michael Mann on Climate: “There’s Still Time to Make the Right Choices”
Climate scientist Michael Mann from Penn State recently spoke at a TED event, and what he says in this video is nearly the same as in the article I wrote a year ago after hearing Mann speak.
The real shame here is that he needs to keep telling these same stories despite the overwhelming scientific evidence for anthroprogenic climate change.
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A Day in the Sun: Will It Make a Difference for Russia’s Phobos-Grunt?
An artists concept of the Phobos-Grunt Mission. Credit: Roscosmos
Editor’s note: Dr. David Warmflash, principal science lead for the US team from the LIFE experiment on board the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft, provides an update on the mission for Universe Today.
It has been trapped in low Earth orbit for more than a month. So low is the orbit that it moves too fast to be contacted – unless controllers on the ground just happen to beam a signal at some unlikely angle. So short does its battery power last that it must be in sunlight while also in position to receive signals. Then, it must still have power to send telemetry back to the ground.
Even with these obstacles, Russia’s Phobos- Grunt probe did manage to communicate with the European Space Agency’s (ESA) antenna in Perth, Australia twice a couple of weeks ago, indicating that some of its systems were functioning. But subsequent attempts at communication have failed, despite the addition of ESA’s Canary Islands antenna at Maspalomas to the worldwide effort to reestablish control over the spacecraft.
(…)
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Geminid Meteor Shower Reminder and There’s An App For That!
2011 Geminids in the Winter Triangle. Image Courtesy of John Chumack
Have you been watching the Geminid Meteor Shower? With just hours to go before the peak, activity has been high – despite this year’s Moon! If you’d like to know more on the history of this meteor shower, then check out this great article by Adrian West. If you plan on watching and would like to do something cool and unusual, then step inside… (…)
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New Submillimetre Camera Sheds Light on the Dark Regions of the Universe
A composite image of the Whirlpool Galaxy (also known as M51). The green image is from the Hubble Space Telescope and shows the optical wavelength. The submillimetre light detected by SCUBA-2 is shown in red (850 microns) and blue (450 microns). The Whirlpool Galaxy lies at an estimated distance of 31 million light years from Earth in the constellation Canes Venatici Credit: JAC / UBC / Nasa
The stars and faint galaxies you see when you look up at the night sky are all emitting light within the visible light spectrum — the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum we can see with our unaided eyes or through optical telescopes. But our galaxy, and many others, contain huge amounts of cold dust that absorbs visible light. This accounts for the dark regions.
A new camera recently unveiled at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) in Hawaii promises to figuratively shed light on this dark part of the universe. The SCUBA-2 submillimetre camera (SCUBA in this case is an acronym for Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array) can detect light at lower energy levels, allowing astronomers to gather data on these dark areas and ultimately learn more about our universe and its formation. (…)
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Martian Sundial – A New “Curiousity”
The Sundial aboard NASA’s Curiosity rover. Credit: MER Sundial Team
There’s been a lot of artifacts sent to the surface of Mars – and now there’s about to be another one left for future generations to discover. Artist Jon Lomberg has collaborated with a team of space scientists to design a sundial which sports edges with designs and images. These embellishments have been authored by Jim Bell and the MER sundial team with the graphics designed by Lomberg. (…)
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A Refreshing Idea! Vote for Enabling City Kids to See Starry Skies
Now here’s a refreshing idea: create a “dark sky oasis” in suburban locations where city-dwellers can gather to see the stars and learn about the night sky. The International Dark-Sky Association has proposed a project to bring access to the starry night to urban areas through the creation of Suburban Outreach Sites. To make this project a reality, the IDA needs your help, and all it takes is a click of your mouse. Every year the Pepsi Refresh project gives away tens of thousands of dollars in grants to improve communities. The IDA is competing for one of these grants and needs your vote!
(…)
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In The Dragonfish’s Mouth – The Next Generation Of “SuperStars”
A high-resolution infrared image of Dragonfish association, showing the shell of hot gas. Credit:NASA/JPL-Caltech/GLIMPSE Team/Mubdi Rahman
At the University of Toronto, a trio of astronomers have been fishing – fishing for a copious catch of young, supermassive stars. What they caught was unprecedented… Hundreds of thousands of stars with several hundreds of these being the most massive kind. They hauled in blue stars dozens of times heavier than the Sun, with light so intense it ate its way through the gas that created it. All that’s left is the hollow egg-shell… A shell that measures a hundred light years across. (…)
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Opportunity Discovers Most Powerful Evidence Yet for Martian Liquid Water
Opportunity discovers Water related mineral vein at Endeavour Crater – November 2011
Opportunity rover discovered Gypsum at the Homestake mineral vein, while exploring around the base of Cape York ridge at the westerm rim of Endeavour Crater. The vein is composed of calcium sulfate and indicates the ancient flow of liquid water at this spot on Mars. Opportunity drove North (ahead) from here in search of a sunny winter haven.
This panoramic mosaic of images was taken on Sol 2761, November 2011.
Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell/Kenneth Kremer/Marco Di Lorenzo
click to enlarge
NASA’s long lived Opportunity rover has discovered the most scientifically compelling evidence yet for the flow of liquid water on ancient Mars. The startling revelation comes in the form of a bright vein of the mineral gypsum located at the foothills of an enormous crater named Endeavour, where the intrepid robot is currently traversing. See our mosaic above, illustrating the exact spot.
Researchers trumpeted the significant water finding this week (Dec. 7) at the annual winter meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in San Francisco.
“This gypsum vein is the single most powerful piece of evidence for liquid water at Mars that has been discovered by the Opportunity rover,” announced Steve Squyres of Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., Principal Investigator for Opportunity, at an AGU press conference. (…)
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Vampire star reveals its secrets
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/7/2011
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Two meteor showers put on shows this December
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/8/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
Mars rover finds mineral vein deposited by water
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/9/2011
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Watch December 10 total lunar eclipse live via SLOOH
Tomorrow’s total lunar eclipse of the Moon will provide an unforgettable experience — for those fortunate to live in (or travel to) the western United States, Australia, New Zealand, and most of Asia. Anyone living east of a line from Ohio to Mississippi, however, won’t see anything, as well as those in South America. The penguins in Antarctica will miss quite a show as well.
Lunar eclipses, like this partial one in February 2008, should not be missed! Chris Raymond photo If you won’t be favorably positioned for the premature darkening of our natural satellite, fear not. You can catch the entire eclipse in real time courtesy of SLOOH, the online organization whose mission is to provide scientific enlightenment to the masses. Using a series of telescopes, SLOOH will again broadcast this latest celestial event live starting at 8:00 a.m. EST on December 10.
Astronomy magazine’s well-known columnist Bob Berman, SLOOH’s editor and author of “Strange Universe” and the current special issue Bob Berman’s 50 Weirdest Objects in the Cosmos, will host the three-hour event. Duncan Copp, a presenter for BBC and National Geographic and director-producer of many astronomy films and TV shows including In the Shadow of the Moon, an award-wining film about the Apollo astronauts, will join him, as will Dr. Lucie Green, solar researcher based at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London’s Department of Space and Climate Physics.
I watched the June 15 lunar eclipse in its entirety via my computer courtesy of the SLOOH feed, and, while I’m planning to catch some of tomorrow’s event with my own eyeballs, I know I’m not positioned well again. The Moon will set here in Wisconsin during the initial stages of the eclipse. At that point, I’ll head inside, fire up my Mac, and watch the rest of this spectacle while listening to Berman’s many insights.
If you’ve never experienced a celestial event via SLOOH before, I encourage you to check it out tomorrow. It’s free — all you need to do is visit this link and click the “On Air” button in the upper right if you’re not automatically transferred to the event.
Whatever you do, make an effort to catch this event no matter where you call home. It’s the last total lunar eclipse until April 15, 2014!
New all-sky map shows the magnetic fields of the Milky Way with the highest precision
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/9/2011
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The week in pictures: December 3–9, 2011
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/9/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine
S&T’s Audio Sky Tour for December2011
Venus lurks low in the western twilight after sunset. But after it gets good and dark, swing around to the east to see dazzling Jupiter, the King of Planets, amid a tower of brilliant early-winter stars that extends from the horizon to overhead.
SkyandTelescope.com’s Most Recent Articles
Voyager hits new region at solar system edge
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/8/2011
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Mapping The Milky Way’s Magnetic Fields – The Faraday Sky
Fig. 3: In this map of the sky, a correction for the effect of the galactic disk has been made in order to emphasize weaker magnetic field structures. The magnetic field directions above and below the disk seem to be diametrically opposed, as indicated by the positive (red) and negative (blue) values. An analogous change of direction takes place accross the vertical center line, which runs through the center of the Milky Way.
Kudos to the scientists at the Max Planck Institut and an international team of radio astronomers for an incredibly detailed new map of our galaxy’s magnetic fields! This unique all-sky map has surpassed its predecessors and is giving us insight into the magnetic field structure of the Milky Way beyond anything so far seen. What’s so special about this one? It’s showing us a quality known as Faraday depth – a concept which works along a specific line of sight. To construct the map, data was melded from 41,000 measurements collected from a new image reconstruction technique. We can now see not only the major structure of galactic fields, but less obvious features like turbulence in galactic gas. (…)
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Massive stars are born as giants
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/8/2011
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Could Solar Storms ‘Sandblast’ the Moon?
Coronal Mass Ejection as viewed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on June 7, 2011.
Image Credit: NASA/SDO
According to a new set of NASA computer simulations, solar storms and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) can erode the lunar surface. Researchers speculate that not only can these phenomenon erode the lunar surface, but could also be a cause of atmospheric loss for planets without a global magnetic field, such as Mars.
(…)
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Staking Out A Vampire Star
These super-sharp images of the unusual vampire double star system SS Leporis were created from observations made with the VLT Interferometer at ESO’s Paranal Observatory using the PIONIER instrument. The system consists of a red giant star orbiting a hotter companion. Note that the stars have been artificially coloured to match their known temperatures. Credit: ESO/PIONIER/IPAG
How do you peer into the dark heart of a vampire star? Try combining four telescopes! At ESO’s Paranal Observatory they created a virtual telescope 130 metres across with vision 50 times sharper than the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and observed a very unusual event… the transfer of mass from one star to another. While you might assume this to be a violent action, it turns out that it’s a gradual drain. Apparently SS Leporis stands for “super slow”. (…)
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Opportunity Discovers Mineral Vein Furthering Evidence of Water on Mars
In her seventh year on the Red Planet, the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has discovered a mineral vein pointing conclusively to water on Mars. Photo Credit: NASA/JPL – Caltech
Just because Curiosity is on her way to Mars does not mean that Opportunity can take a break – and she hasn’t. The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) has yielded yet another scientific discovery that deepens scientists’ understanding about Mars’ water story. In this case, the rover has discovered a mineral vein that provides further evidence of water flowing on the Red Planet.(…)
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Not Giving Up Yet: ESA Resumes Effort to Communicate with Phobos-Grunt
Artist concept of Russia’s Phobos-Grunt spacecraft. Credit Roscosmos.
Editor’s note: Dr. David Warmflash, principal science lead for the US team from the LIFE experiment on board the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft, provides an update on the mission for Universe Today.
Russia’s Phobos-Grunt spacecraft is in no better position than it was a month ago, when it reached low Earth orbit on November 9 yet failed to ignite the upper stage engine that was to propel it to Phobos, the larger of Mars’ two small moons. Indeed, with an orbit measuring 204.823 kilometers at perigee (the low point) and 294.567 kilometers at apogee as of today, the spacecraft is well on its well to a fiery reentry through Earth’s atmosphere in early January if it cannot be rescued in the intervening time. But the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, is not ready to give up on the probe yet, and have asked ESA to resume trying to contact Phobos-Grunt.
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Read the rest of Not Giving Up Yet: ESA Resumes Effort to Communicate with Phobos-Grunt (636 words)
© David Warmflash for Universe Today, 2011. |
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New Dawn visuals show Vesta’s “color palette”
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/7/2011
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Astronomers Find the Most Supermassive Black Holes Yet
An artist's impression of a supermassive black hole. Image credit: Gemini Observatory/AURA artwork by Lynette Cook
For years, astronomer Karl Gebhardt and graduate student Jeremy Murphy at The University of Texas at Austin have been hunting for black holes — the dense concentration of matter at the centre of galaxies. Earlier this year, they made a record-breaking discovery. They found a black hole weighing 6.7 billion time the mass of our Sun in the centre of the galaxy M87.
But now they shattered their own record. Combining new data from multiple observations, they’ve found not one but two supermassive black holes that each weigh as much as 10 billion Suns.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomers Find the Most Supermassive Black Holes Yet (672 words)
© Amy Shira Teitel for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Fastest rotating star found in neighboring galaxy
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/6/2011
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Two record-breaking black holes found nearby
Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/6/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine