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Astronomy Cast – Episode 247: The Ages of Things

This is going to be one of the “how we know what we know” kind of shows. How do scientist determine the age of things? How do we know the age of everything from stone tools, to the age of the Earth, to the age of the very Universe.

This episode of Astronomy Cast was recorded as a live Google+ hangout. If you’d like to participate in future recordings, circle Fraser on Google+ to get a notification about when the episode starts.



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Unexpected astronomy

Whenever New Year’s Day comes and goes, many publications will take the time to look back and list some of the top things (people, photos, stories) of the previous year. (And of course, we’re no exception.) When lexicographer Grant Barrett compiled a list of 2011’s catchwords for The New York Times, I expected (and got) political and pop cultural entries.

The English Channel Island of Sark became an official dark-sky site in 2011, helping propel “Dark Sky” as one of the most important phrases of the year. // Photo by Phillip CapperBut, nestled in among words like Kardash (“A unit of time measuring 72 days”) and Super Committee (“A group of 12 lawmakers … that tried to make a plan on how to reduce the deficit”), was a familiar old term: Dark Sky. Barrett says it “designates a place free of nighttime light pollution. For example, the island of Sark in the English Channel is a dark-sky island.” So pretty much the accepted definition, I thought to myself.

Still, it’s exciting to see an astronomical concept pointed out as an important remnant of 2011’s language. It may not be a huge deal, but it’s always nice to see our favorite science (and particularly the touchy subject of light pollution) get some time in the spotlight. With any luck, it’ll remain an issue that even non-astronomers care about. Though, even I’ll admit, perhaps not as fervently as other items on Barrett’s list.

What words from 2011 do you think will stick with us? Do you think “Dark Sky” deserves its place in Barrett’s pantheon? Let me know in the comments section below.


Astronomy.com blog

Want Astronomy Apps? There’s a Catalog for That

Screenshot of the Distant Suns version 3.

With the plethora of mobile apps now available for astronomy applications, its hard to keep track of them all. Thanks to astronomer Andy Fraknoi and the American Astronomical Society there’s now a catalog for that. “This catalog is a first attempt to make a list of those of particular interest to astronomy educators,” wrote Fraknoi.

The catalog, published by the Astronomy Education Review, includes a short description and reviews of some — but not all — the apps to help people distinguish which app will best cover their needs. However, “the number of apps is fast outpacing the ability of reviewers to keep up,” Fraknoi said, adding that suggestions and additions for this catalog are most welcome.

Click here to access the app catalog.



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Our Picks of Best Space and Astronomy Images from 2011

First Ever Portrait of the International Space Station and docked Shuttle Endeavour from Soyuz capsule. This image was taken by Expedition 27 crew member Paolo Nespoli from the Soyuz TMA-20 following its undocking on May 23, 2011. It is the first-ever image of a space shuttle docked to the International Space Station. Endeavour at left. European ATV cargo carrier at right. Credit: NASA/Paolo Nespoli

2011 was a picturesque year! The year brought us new discoveries, a new supernova, the end of an era in human spaceflight, and much more. Here’s a look back at some of the best images we’ve posted on Universe Today in 2011, listed in no particular order:

Above, is the first-ever images of a space shuttle docked to the International Space Station were taken by ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli on May 23, 2011 through a window inside the Soyuz TMA-20 vehicle as he and two crewmates were departing the ISS for their return trip to Earth. See the entire gallery of images of this event here.

(…)
Read the rest of Our Picks of Best Space and Astronomy Images from 2011 (1,176 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Special Relativity From First Principles

There’s hope for us all if a mild-mannered patent office clerk can become Person Of The 20th Century.

Einstein’s explanation of special relativity, delivered in his 1905 paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies focuses on demolishing the idea of ‘absolute rest’, exemplified by the theoretical luminiferous aether. He achieved this very successfully, but many hearing that argument today are left puzzled as to why everything seems to depend upon the speed of light in a vacuum.

Since few people in the 21st century need convincing that the luminiferous aether does not exist, it is possible to come at the concept of special relativity in a different way and just through an exercise of logic deduce that the universe must have an absolute speed – and from there deduce special relativity as a logical consequence.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Special Relativity From First Principles (585 words)


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Astronomy magazine now available on special collector’s DVD set

Do you suffer from sagging bookshelves? Do you routinely walk in zigzags in your home to get from point A to point B because of the stacks of Astronomy magazines taking up space everywhere? Do your children or grandchildren conceal themselves behind those paper towers whenever you play Hide-n-Seek, snickering at you because you can’t find them?

Astronomy magazine's new special collector's DVD set is the perfect cure for anyone with sagging bookshelves! Kalmbach Publishing Co. photo If you suffer from any of these symptoms, then I have great news for you, my friend. Every issue of your favorite astronomy title — from its inception in August 1973 to December 2010 — is now available on two small, slim computer DVDs! That’s right, you can possess every issue of the world’s best-selling astronomy magazine in full digital clarity and convenience in a format that takes up no more space than that copy of Alien Autopsy you won’t admit you own.

After a tremendous amount of work this summer by the staff of Astronomy magazine, we’re proud to announce the release of “The Complete Collection 1973–2010” on DVD ROM.

Imagine accessing any issue without the fear of those paper towers falling on you. Can’t you just hear the sigh of relief from your bookshelves once relieved of their weighty burden? You’ll soon walk in straight lines again. And finding those snickering kids? Forget about it!

Seriously, this special collector’s set is awesome. Not only will you be able to access on your Mac or PC every issue published during the past four decades, but you’ll also enjoy the convenience of quick keyword searches to help you locate the articles you seek, and you can print anything you need for easy reference. Plus, this DVD set includes bonus material you can’t get anywhere else, including a complete 38-page history of the magazine written by Astronomy Editor David J. Eicher with dozens of behind-the-scenes photographs.

Released just in time for the holidays, this special collector’s set makes the perfect gift for that person on your list who loves the night … er, has always shown a passion for … all right, YOU.


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Could Dark Matter Not Matter?

Rotation curves of the Andromeda Galaxy. Actual rotational velocities of the outer stars are the white line, while velocities that would be expected from the estimated mass of the visible matter in the galaxy are the red line. Hence, we conclude that over 80% of the galaxy’s mass must be dark matter. (Credit Queens Uni.).

You probably want to put on your skeptical goggles and set them to maximum for this one. An Italian mathematician has come up with some complex formulae that can, with remarkable similarity, mimic the rotation curves of spiral galaxies without the need for dark matter.

Currently, these galactic rotation curves represent key evidence for the existence of dark matter – since the outer stars of spinning galaxies often move around a galactic disk so fast that they should fly off into intergalactic space – unless there is an additional ‘invisible’ mass present in the galaxy to gravitationally hold them in their orbits.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Could Dark Matter Not Matter? (732 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – The Progenitor Problem

DEM L71 – a Type 1a supernova remnant. Analysis of the outer shockwave and inner ejecta indicate the remnant material does not greatly exceed 1 solar mass – and it contains a high iron to silicon/oxygen ratio. This all suggests that the progenitor star was a compact white dwarf. But, apart from that, the steps that led up to the explosion are a mystery (Credit: NASA/Chandra).

With so much of our current understanding of the universe based on Type 1a supernovae data, a good deal of current research is focused upon just how standard these supposed standard candles are. To date, the weight of analysis seems reassuring – apart from a few outliers, the supernovae do all seem very standard and predictable.

However, some researchers have come at this issue from a different perspective by considering the characteristics of the progenitor stars that produce Type 1a supernovae. We know very little about these stars. Sure, they are white dwarfs that explode after accumulating extra mass – but just how this outcome is reached remains a mystery.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – The Progenitor Problem (520 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Mass Is Energy

The USS Enterprise in 1964 (pre Zefram Cochrane era), during Operation Sea Orbit when it sailed around the world in 65 days without refuelling – demonstrating the capability of nuclear-powered ships. Credit: US Navy.

Some say that the reason you can’t travel faster than light is that your mass will increase as your speed approaches light speed – so, regardless of how much energy your star drive can generate, you reach a point where no amount of energy can further accelerate your spacecraft because its mass is approaching infinite.

This line of thinking is at best an incomplete description of what’s really going on and is not a particularly effective way of explaining why you can’t move faster than light (even though you can’t). However, the story does offer some useful insight into why mass is equivalent to energy, in accordance with the relationship e=mc2.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Mass Is Energy (740 words)


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Astronomy accepting entries for 2011 outreach award

Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:11/14/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Flat Universe

Various universe evolution scenarios. A universe with too much density collapses in on itself, a critical density universe stays static, while a universe with not enough density keeps expanding at a steady (coasting) rate. However, today’s cosmology puts emphasis upon the cosmological constant, which gives an accelerating expansion. Does this mean that density is irrelevant? Credit: NASA.

A remarkable finding of the early 21st century, that kind of sits alongside the Nobel prize winning discovery of the universe’s accelerating expansion, is the finding that the universe is geometrically flat. This is a remarkable and unexpected feature of a universe that is expanding – let alone one that is expanding at an accelerated rate – and like the accelerating expansion, it is a key feature of our current standard model of the universe.

It may be that the flatness is just a consequence of the accelerating expansion – but to date this cannot be stated conclusively.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Flat Universe (687 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Light Speed

You could cross the universe in a matter of hours without ever 'breaking light speed' – it is not the speed limit that it seems to be.

The recent news of neutrinos moving faster than light might have got everyone thinking about warp drive and all that, but really there is no need to imagine something that can move faster than 300,000 kilometres a second. Indeed, the whole idea is illogical.

Light speed, or 300,000 kilometres a second, might seem like a speed limit, but this is just an example of 3 + 1 thinking – where we still haven’t got our heads around the concept of four dimensional space-time and hence we think in terms of space having three dimensions and think of time as something different.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Light Speed (671 words)


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On the road: The 2011 Pacific Astronomy and Telescope Show, Day 2

Yesterday, Sunday, September 18, was the last day of the fourth annual Pacific Astronomy and Telescope Show (PATS) in Pasadena, California. One of the conference’s organizers told me that Saturday was the best day (attendance-wise) in the 4-year history of the event.

Since I’ve been here, I’ve seen several products you’ll be reading reviews of in upcoming issues of Astronomy magazine. And I’ve talked to other manufacturers who promised announcements of new gear soon.

Yesterday I gave my talk, “How to Buy Your First Telescope,” to a group of less than 30 people. That number, although disappointing, wasn’t unexpected because the planners scheduled me to speak before noon. Despite the low attendance, we ran out of time at the end because of the number of questions people asked. They were definitely listening.

I’ll be back in the office Tuesday getting ready for my next trip — a star party in Jacksonville, Florida, October 7 to 8, organized by Astronomy Contributing Editor Mike Reynolds. I’ll give a couple of talks and participate in all nighttime public observing sessions. And I’ll be blogging and tweeting. Sounds like fun!

For more on the 2011 PATS show, click here.


Astronomy.com blog

On the road: The 2011 Pacific Astronomy and Telescope Show, Day 1

 

It’s that time of year again. I’m in Pasadena, California, spending the weekend (September 16–18) at the fourth annual Pacific Astronomy and Telescope Show (PATS). This gathering gives telescope and astronomy equipment manufacturers the chance to show off to lots of visitors (many of whom are nurturing their first love of our hobby) the chance to look at and discuss the latest astronomy gear. The newest telescopes, mounts, cameras, eyepieces, and accessories are all on display this weekend. And staffing each booth are salespeople and designers ready and eager to impart their knowledge to interested visitors.

 

I arrived a day early to talk to manufacturers (mostly as they’re setting up their booths) before the crush of the weekend crowd eliminated detailed conversations. I’m representing Astronomy magazine (one of the show’s sponsors) as the editor most involved in hobby and equipment stories, so I’ve been eager to learn (and report) what’s hot. But I’m also giving a talk. Because the organizers of PATS aim the get-together at the general public, I’ve chosen "How to Buy Your First Telescope" as my topic. The subject matter is near and dear to me, having helped create a special 16-page booklet by the same name Astronomy readers will find included as part of our November issue. I’m on the schedule for 11:45 a.m. today.

 

Saturday was the first “public day.” About 65 participants met to hear talks by leading astroimagers at the Riverside AstroImaging Workshop (RAW), which always meets the day before PATS. Speakers included Astronomy magazine image contributors Rogelio Bernal Andreo, Ken Crawford, R. Jay GaBany, and Warren Keller. Topics covered ranged from astrophotography for beginners to advanced imaging. Some highlights were “Planning Your Imaging Session,” “Choosing the Right Equipment,” and “Advanced Photoshop Techniques.”

 

I also walked the PATS floor Saturday. Just in the first few hours, I had great conversations with several manufacturers. And I saw new telescopes and accessories by Celestron, Meade, Quantum Scientific Imaging, and Tele Vue, to name a few.

 

Of the 38 booths I counted, there’s a mix of equipment manufacturers, astronomy clubs, and organizations supporting professional observatories.

 

Stay tuned for more blogs and tweets.

 

P.S. Good thing PATS isn’t a star party. Although the temperature is nice, the California sky is totally cloudy today.

 

P.P.S. Funny times at the registration desk: Astronomy magazine is a sponsor, we have a booth set up, and I’m speaking tomorrow, but the organizers of PATS didn’t have a name badge for me. I had to print my own. Good thing I was wearing my staff shirt!

 


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – New Physics?

The Sun can affect a lot of things on Earth – but the rate of radioactive decay isn’t normally considered to be one of those things. Credit: NASA.

Radioactive decay – a random process right? Well, according to some – maybe not. For several years now a team of physicists from Purdue and Stanford have reviewed isotope decay data across a range of different isotopes and detectors – seeing a non-random pattern and searching for a reason. And now, after eliminating all other causes – the team are ready to declare that the cause is… extraterrestrial.

OK, so it’s suggested to just be the Sun – but cool finding, huh? Well… maybe it’s best to first put on your skeptical goggles before reading through anyone’s claim of discovering new physics.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – New Physics? (561 words)


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Brian May joins Astronomy magazine’s Editorial Advisory Board

Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:9/1/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Cosmic Coincidence

The standard model of the universe has it that the energy density of its contents and the ‘dark energy’ of its expansion are, just now, of the same order of magnitude. Coincidence? Credit: NASA.

Cosmologists tend not to get all that excited about the universe being 74% dark energy and 26% conventional energy and matter (albeit most of the matter is dark and mysterious as well). Instead they get excited about the fact that the density of dark energy is of the same order of magnitude as that more conventional remainder.

After all, it is quite conceivable that the density of dark energy might be ten, one hundred or even one thousand times more (or less) than the remainder. But nope, it seems it’s about three times as much – which is less than ten and more than one, meaning that the two parts are of the same order of magnitude. And given the various uncertainties and error bars involved, you might even say the density of dark energy and of the more conventional remainder are roughly equivalent. This is what is known as the cosmic coincidence.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Cosmic Coincidence (556 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Why The LHC (Still) Won’t Destroy The Earth

Concerns about a 'big science machine' destroying the Earth have been around since the steam engine. The LHC is the latest target for such conspiracy theories. Credit: CERN.

Surprisingly, rumors still persist in some corners of the Internet that the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is going to destroy the Earth – even though nearly three years have passed since it was first turned on. This may be because it is yet to be ramped up to full power in 2014 – although it seems more likely that this is just a case of moving the goal posts, since the same doomsayers were initially adamant that the Earth would be destroyed the moment the LHC was switched on, in September 2008.

The story goes that the very high energy collisions engineered by the LHC could jam colliding particles together with such force that their mass would be compressed into a volume less than the Schwarzschild radius required for that mass. In other words, a microscopic black hole would form and then grow in size as it sucked in more matter, until it eventually consumed the Earth.

Here’s a brief run-through of why this can’t happen.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Why The LHC (Still) Won’t Destroy The Earth (799 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Cubic Neutrons

The currently popular analogy to describe the density of matter within a neutron star is that it’s like compressing the entire human population into a sugar cube. And speaking of cubes… Credit: E. Galactica.

The nature of the highly compressed matter that makes up neutron stars has been the subject of much speculation. For example, it’s been suggested that under extreme gravitational compression the neutrons may collapse into quark matter composed of just strange quarks – which suggests that you should start calling a particularly massive neutron star, a strange star.

However, an alternate model suggests that within massive neutron stars - rather than the neutrons collapsing into more fundamental particles, they might just be packed more tightly together by adopting a cubic shape. This might allow such cubic neutrons to be packed into about 75% of the volume that spherical neutrons would normally occupy.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Cubic Neutrons (440 words)


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365 Days of Astronomy Needs a Little Help From Their Friends

As many of our readers know, I also work with the 365 Days of Astronomy podcast. This award winning daily podcast that was supposed to last for only one year — the International Year of Astronomy — is now in its third year. Unfortunately, the 365 Days of Astronomy podcast is in trouble due to a lack of funding and audio. We’ve done over two and a half years — 959 podcasts so far — all on a shoestring and by the generous donations of audio and funds by our listeners. But things are looking a little grim, and we’d at least like to make it to the end of the year. As Pamela Gay said in her blog post about this, “At a certain level, it is hard to walk away from something feeling like it is halfway done. This is the 365 Days of Astronomy podcast, and we’d like to complete the 2011 calendar year.”

Each 365 Days of Astronomy podcast gets at least 3,000 downloads — some get as many as 10- 15,000 downloads. It’s a wonderful way to have your voice heard, your story told. As Phil Plait has mentioned, 365 DoA is a great venue to not only educate people about astronomy, but to get them personally involved. If you would, please consider submitting audio or making a donation to help us keep a good thing going. We know times are tough, but will appreciate any help you can provide.

Thanks!


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Win a New iPhone Astronomy App: AstroView

Screenshot of the AstroView app

There’s a brand new astronomy app for the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad that provides information on what you should be able to see with different combinations of eyepieces and other equipment on your telescope. AstroView displays key telescope-eyepiece performance characteristics, provides recommendations on equipment, and with the field of view display, for example, what you see on screen is what you should be able to see through your telescope. Developer George Douvos says this new app is all very intuitive, easy to read, and easy to understand.

Would you like to try a AstroView for free? Universe Today has 10 copies of this new app to give away. Just send an email to info@universetoday.com with the word “AstroView App” in the subject line, and we’ll pick ten winners at random. The contest ends on Thursday, August 18, 2011.

Want more info?
(…)
Read the rest of Win a New iPhone Astronomy App: AstroView (77 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Impact Mitigation

The Don Quijote mission, which may launch by 2015. The Sancho spacecraft will orbit an asteroid, collecting data as another spacecraft Hidalgo collides with that asteroid, in an attempt to alter its trajectory. Credit: ESA.

The save-the-Earth rehearsal mission Don Quijote, commissioned by the European Space Agency, is planned to test the potential of a real life-or-death mission to deflect a mass-extinction-inducing asteroid from a collision course with Earth.

Currently at ‘concept’ stage, the Don Quijote Near Earth Asteroid Impact Mitigation Mission – has been modelled on a proposed flight to either 2002 AT4 or 1989 ML, both being near-Earth asteroids, though neither represent an obvious collision risk. However, subsequent studies have proposed that Amor 2003 SM84 or even 99942 Apophis may be more suitable targets. After all, 99942 Apophis does carry a marginal (1 in 250,000) risk of an Earth impact in 2036.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Impact Mitigation (727 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – A Photon’s Point Of View

The way Hollywood envisions moving at light speed doesn't really work – since it still implies that you move a certain distance over a certain time period. As far as a photon is concerned, it does neither. Source: zidbits.

From a photon’s point of view, it is emitted and then instantaneously reabsorbed. This is true for a photon emitted in the core of the Sun, which might be reabsorbed after crossing a fraction of a millimetre’s distance. And it is equally true for a photon that, from our point of view, has travelled for over 13 billion years after being emitted from the surface of one of the universe’s first stars.

So it seems that not only does a photon not experience the passage of time, it does not experience the passage of distance either. But since you can’t move a massless consciousness at the speed of light in a vacuum, the real point of this thought experiment is to indicate that time and distance are just two apparently different aspects of the same thing. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – A Photon’s Point Of View (474 words)


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Astronomy magazine now available on Zinio

In response to reader requests, Kalmbach Publishing Co. launched a digital version of Astronomy magazine on the Zinio digital magazine platform this week. Users of this leading software application can now order single issues or subscribe directly from their iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, Mac or PC, and select Android tablets.

Astronomy magazine is now available digitally on Zinio, which can be read on your iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, Mac or PC, and select Android devices. Chris Raymond photoStarting with the June 2011 issue, Zinio users may purchase single issues of Astronomy, subscribe to the digital-only version, or take advantage of a Digital and Print Combo for only $ 10 more. (Existing print subscribers may add the digital version to their subscription, too.) In addition to the convenience of automatic delivery, subscribers receive full access to all of the exclusive content available on Astronomy.com.

Readers of the new digital Zinio version of Astronomy magazine will experience the same stunning images of celestial objects, the latest firsthand updates about how the universe works from leaders in the field, and, of course, the equipment reviews, advice, and tips that make Astronomy magazine the number-one choice of novice to advanced observers worldwide. In addition, the digital version will be available the same day that printed copies appear on the newsstand, and offers live links to website content, blogs, videos, audio, and advertiser websites. Each digital issue is fully searchable by keyword, topic, etc., and readers can magnify pages, which is perfect for examining photos and star charts. Zinio readers sacrifice nothing, and also gain the convenience of every new issue appearing automatically on their digital bookshelf.

Astronomy joins a massive selection of top consumer publications available on the Zinio platform, which includes ESPN the Magazine, Consumer Reports, Newsweek, Outside, and Car and Driver, to name a few. In addition, Kalmbach Publishing Co. also made available this week its premier science magazine Discover via Zinio.

There is absolutely no reason not to check out Astronomy’s new Zinio digital format on your iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, Mac or PC, and select Android devices!

Related blog: Astronomy magazine now available on Nook


Astronomy.com blog

Japanese Astronomy Pushes on After Hard Year

Artists concept of Japan’s Akatsuki spacecraft at Venus. Credit: JAXA

From faulty spacecraft to two damaged facilities, the past year has been a tough year for Japan’s astronomical programs. Yes despite the setbacks, Japan has already begun working to fix every problem they’ve faced in this difficult year.

(…)
Read the rest of Japanese Astronomy Pushes on After Hard Year (395 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Gravitational Waves

An artist's impression of gravitational waves. In reality, a single uniform massive object does not generate gravitational waves. However, a massive binary system in orbital motion, could generate dynamic pulses of gravitational energy that might be detected from Earth. Credit: NASA.

Gravitational waves have some similar properties to light. They move at the same speed in a vacuum – and with a certain frequency and amplitude. Where they differ from light is that they are not scattered or absorbed by matter, in the way that light is.

Thus, it’s likely that primordial gravitational waves, that are speculated to have been produced by the Big Bang, are still out there waiting to be detected and analyzed.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Gravitational Waves (761 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Granularity

.

A gamma ray burst is an opportunity to assess the nature of the apparent 'empty space' vacuum that exists between you and it. In GRB 041219A's case, that's 300 million light years of vacuum. Credit: ESA.

The very small wavelength of gamma ray light offers the potential to gain high resolution data about very fine detail – perhaps even detail about the quantum substructure of a vacuum – or in other words, the granularity of empty space.

Quantum physics suggests that a vacuum is anything but empty, with virtual particles regularly popping in and out of existence within Planck instants of time. The proposed particle nature of gravity also requires graviton particles to mediate gravitational interactions. So, to support a theory of quantum gravity we should expect to find evidence of a degree of granularity in the substructure of space-time.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Granularity (514 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Big Rips And Little Rips

The concept of accelerating expansion does get you wondering just how fast the universe can end up expanding by. Theorists think that the rate of expansion might become so extreme as to produce a Big Rip. Or, after fiddling with the math a bit, maybe just a Little Rip? Credit: NASA.

One of a number of seemingly implausible features of dark energy is that its density is assumed to be constant over time. So, even though the universe expands over time, dark energy does not become diluted, unlike the rest of the contents of the universe.

As the universe expands, it seems that more dark energy appears out of nowhere to sustain the constant dark energy density of the universe. So, as times goes by, dark energy will become an increasingly dominant proportion of the observable universe – remembering that it is already estimated as being 73% of it.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Big Rips And Little Rips (594 words)


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California’s biggest astronomy show

In a few months, I will once again head to Pasadena, California, to attend the Pacific Astronomy and Telescope Show (PATS). The fourth annual version of this event occurs September 17 and 18 in the city’s convention center. And this year, Astronomy magazine is one of the sponsors.

Celestron’s Assistant Marketing Manager Michelle Meskill and Astronomy’s Advertising Sales Manager Jeff Felbab converse at the 2009 Pacific Astronomy and Telescope show. // Astronomy magazine photoBut I’m not just attending; I also will be giving a talk. The subject I’ve chosen is “How to Buy Your First Telescope.” Ordinarily, my talks are not so basic, but the vast majority of visitors to PATS are not amateur astronomers but rather beginners looking to get into the hobby.

With the help of PowerPoint, I’ll explain the three types of telescopes and give the advantages and disadvantages to each design. I’ll also discuss mounts and drives, eyepieces, and accessories and finish by showing some of the celestial objects attendees can view through small scopes.

PATS is mainly a manufacturer’s showcase and is a success for several reasons. First, it gives attendees the chance to discuss our wonderful hobby. Second, the newest telescopes, mounts, cameras, eyepieces, and accessories are all on display. And third, each booth has up to half a dozen staff members ready and eager to impart their knowledge to interested visitors — beginners and advanced observers alike.

As before, if it’s clear, several manufacturers will set up solar telescopes so that attendees can enjoy safe views of our daytime star.

Indeed, the 2011 Pacific Astronomy and Telescope Show will be about more than equipment — much more.

For more information, head to the PATS website at www.rtmcastronomyexpo.org/PATS.htm.


Astronomy.com blog

Get ready for Astronomy magazine’s 2011 Star Products

In the September issue (on sale August 2), Astronomy magazine will once again present its Star Products awards. As before, Contributing Editor Phil Harrington and the Astronomy editorial team put their heads together and came up with a terrific list.

The items in 2011’s Star Products constitute the most innovative astronomy gadgets and gizmos on the market today. Each offers something special, and all reaffirm that it’s a great time to be an amateur astronomer.

This year, we chose 35 products from 28 manufacturers. The winning selections include 17 telescopes, and we also feature eyepieces, binoculars, mounts, a great astroimaging camera, a solar telescope, focusers, three observatory domes, and several accessories.

A concise description accompanies each product, and a full-page, alphabetized table lists the prices and the manufacturers’ websites for readers who want additional information.

Don’t miss this issue because this list will help you find the perfect holiday gift for an observer … or yourself.


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Star Seeds

The Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex – within which the cloud L1688 is the most active star-forming location. Although hidden by dust, it is possible to study star formation by sub-millimetre astronomy. Credit NASA.

Molecular clouds are called so because they have sufficient density to support the formation of molecules, most commonly H2 molecules. Their density also makes them ideal sites for new star formation – and if star formation is prevalent in a molecular cloud, we tend to give it the less formal title of stellar nursery.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Star Seeds (518 words)


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Getting people excited about astronomy

Last week, I attended a “double feature” at the Milwaukee Public Museum’s IMAX theater. The main movie was Tornado Alley (in addition to astronomy, I find weather fascinating), but the opening film was a planetarium show called Earth, Moon, and Sun. The film discussed concepts about these familiar objects, but in a creative and funny way. After viewing the movie, planetarium guests left with an understanding of solar and lunar eclipses, in addition to how the Moon and Earth move through space.

“Earth, Moon and Sun” is a planetarium show that explores the relationship between these celestial bodies and distinguishes myths from science through traditional Native American folklore. // Photo by NASA/JPL/USGSBecause my education and career both revolve around the science of astronomy, I was pretty familiar with the concepts in the show. But what I found really interesting — and awesome — were some of the comments that those around me made after the film ended. A family in front of me spoke about how neat the show was and how cool astronomy is (and how they wish they knew more). They grabbed a few sky charts from the planetarium operator before leaving the theater. I hope they had a chance to explore the sky above them in the days that followed.

This event reaffirmed to me how great planetarium shows are for getting the public interested in astronomy. Imagine following the film with stargazing and telescope viewing, too; this would be a great way to engage the public. How many of you already participate in events like this or found your own inspiration at a planetarium show? Do you wish there were more of these events in your area? Share your comments below!


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Oh-My-God Particles

Centaurus A – one of the closest galaxies with an active galactic nucleus – although it is over 10 million light years away. If you are looking for a likely source of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays – you may not need to look further. Credit: ESO.

Cosmic rays are really sub-atomic particles, being mainly protons (hydrogen nuclei) and occasionally helium or heavier atomic nuclei and very occasionally electrons. Cosmic ray particles are very energetic as a result of them having a substantial velocity and hence a substantial momentum.

The Oh-My-God particle detected over Utah in 1991 was probably a proton traveling at 0.999 (and add another 20 x 9s after that) of the speed of light and it allegedly carried the same kinetic energy as a baseball traveling at 90 kilometers an hour.(…)
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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Holographic Dark Information Energy

The bubble nebula NGC 7635 – it doesn't have a lot to do with Holographic Dark Information Energy, but you have to start these articles with an image. Credit: Croman/an APOD for November 7 2005.

Holographic Dark Information Energy gets my vote for the best mix of arcane theoretical concepts expressed in the shortest number of words – and just to keep it interesting, it’s mostly about entropy.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Holographic Dark Information Energy (630 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Small Bangs

Gamma-ray bursts. We tend to think of them as big explosions – but it has been suggested that they might actually be Small Bangs. Credit: NASA.

Most gamma-ray bursts come in two flavors. Firstly, there are long duration bursts which form in dense star-forming regions and are associated with supernovae – which would understandably generate a sustained outburst of energy. The technical definition of a long duration gamma-ray burst is one that is more than two seconds in duration – but bursts lasting over a minute are not unusual.

Short duration gamma-ray bursts more often occur in regions of low star formation and are not associated with supernovae. Their duration is technically less than 2 seconds, but a duration of only a few milliseconds is not unusual. These are assumed to result from collisions between massive compact objects – perhaps neutron stars or black holes – producing a short, sharp outburst of energy.

But there are also rare instances of gamma-ray bursts that don’t really fill either category. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Small Bangs (589 words)


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Astronomy in Motion

SkyandTelescope.com’s Most Recent Articles

NEAF 2011: How did you get interested in astronomy?

I had a great time attending the 2011 Northeast Astronomy Forum (NEAF) held in Suffern, New York, April 16–17. During the event, I wandered from booth to booth with a small video camera in hand asking astronomy vendors, astroimagers, and one very happy Astronomy contest winner one simple question: “How did you get interested in astronomy?” Check out the three videos below to see the answers of people like NEAF Solar Star Party’s Barlow Bob, Meteorite Men’s Geoff Notkin, Astronomy Contributing Editor Mike Reynolds, representatives from Software Bisque, Celestron, Explore Scientific, and DayStar Filters, and many more. Hopefully, their answers will encourage you to reflect on how you first got into this great hobby. Then share your stories in the comments section below.

PART ONE: Barlow Bob, NEAF Solar Star Party; Steve Bisque, Software Bisque; Fred Bruenjes, Moonglow Observatory; Tom Davis, astroimager; Neil Fleming, astroimager

PART TWO: Carroll Iorg, Astronomical League; Imelda Joson, Writer and astrophotographer, Kevin Kawai, Celestron; Ruben Kier, astroimager; Geoff Notkin, Meteorite Men; Benjamin Palmer, Astronomy Youth Essay Contest winner 

PART THREE: Gary Palmer, astroimager; Greg Piepol, Solar imager; Mike Reynolds, Florida State College; Scott Roberts, Explore Scientific; Alan Traino, NEAF; Jen Winter, DayStar Filters 


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy magazine now available on Nook

In response to reader requests, Kalmbach Publishing Co. launched its first-ever digital version of Astronomy magazine today on the Barnes & Noble Nook e-reader. From the Nook Newsstand, users of this increasingly popular hand-held device can now order single issues or subscribe directly on their Nook wherever they have a Wi-Fi connection.

Starting with the June 2011 issue, Astronomy is available for the single-copy price of $ 5.95. Nook users choosing to subscribe to the world’s best-selling astronomy magazine will receive each copy for $ 3.50 — a discount of more than 40% off the single-issue price. Moreover, Barnes & Noble does not charge Nook subscribers the traditional full subscription amount up front but instead conveniently debits their credit card $ 3.50 per issue automatically once a month.

Readers of the new digital Nook version of Astronomy magazine will experience the same stunning images of celestial objects, the latest firsthand updates about how the universe works from leaders in the field and, of course, the equipment reviews, advice, and tips that make Astronomy magazine the number-one choice of dedicated observers worldwide. In addition, the digital version will be available the same day that printed copies appear on the newsstand. Nook subscribers sacrifice nothing, and also gain the convenience of every new issue appearing automatically on their Daily Shelf bearing a “New” banner to signal its arrival.

Astronomy joins a growing selection of top consumer publications available on the Nook, which includes National Geographic, O, The Oprah Magazine, Reader’s Digest, and Rolling Stone, to name a few. In addition, Kalmbach Publishing Co. also made available today its premier magazines Discover and The Writer via the Nook Newsstand. (Single-copy and subscription rates for those titles may vary.)

According to Barnes & Noble CEO William Lynch earlier this year*, the company now “represents 25 percent of the e-book market in the U.S., larger than our share in physical books.” Lynch added that the book-selling giant sells more than twice as many e-books as physical books via its website, and that Barnes & Noble intends to “be a leader in the exploding market for digital content.” There is little doubt that the Nook digital platform provides an incredible reading experience now, and, given the company’s commitment, one that will only grow in the future.

First-time subscribers to the digital Nook version of Astronomy receive a 14-day trial period in which to enjoy the digital magazine. If they elect to cancel the subscription within 14 days, Barnes & Noble will not charge their credit card. There is absolutely no reason not to check out Astronomy’s new digital format on your Nook!

* “B&N: Nook has 25 percent of U.S. e-book market,” David Carnoy, February 23, 2011, http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-20035277-1.html, retrieved May 12, 2011.


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Planet Spotting

The current search area of the Kepler mission, monitoring 145,000 stars for signs of exoplanets – with a particular interest in those that may be in a star’s ‘habitable zone’. Credit: Lomberg/NASA.

The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia counted 548 confirmed extrasolar planets at 6 May 2011, while the NASA Star and Exoplanet Database (updated weekly) was today reporting 535. These are confirmed findings and the counts will significantly increase as more candidate exoplanets are assessed. For example, there were the 1,235 candidates announced by the Kepler mission in February, including 54 that may be in a habitable zone.

So what techniques are brought to bear to come up with these findings? (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Planet Spotting (895 words)


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Astronomy in Antarctica

In December 2010, the IceCube collaboration placed its last string of detectors 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) into the Ataractic ice. This project consists of 86 strings, for a total of 5,160 detectors embedded in 0.4 square mile (1 square km) of ice. The IceCube project is searching for neutrinos — extremely low-mass particles that interact only through the weak nuclear force (one of the four fundamental forces, it works solely within atoms and can induce radioactivity).

IceCube is an enormous observatory at the South Pole that uses a square kilometer of pristine Antarctic ice as its lens. // Illustration courtesy NSFThe plan is for IceCube to detect neutrinos that enter in the Northern Hemisphere and have traveled through Earth. This might seem counterintuitive — the detector is located at the Southern Hemisphere but detecting objects that come through the Northern Hemisphere. IceCube uses Earth to filter out cosmic rays and other particles. This means the experimental data isn’t bogged down by background noise (caused by particles other than neutrinos).

Now that the project is up and running, the IceCube collaboration — headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin — is hosting a symposium about science in Antarctica. Because Madison is essentially in Astronomy magazine’s backyard, I’m heading to the meeting for a few days. Keep an eye out for blog updates as I learn more about astronomy at the South Pole.


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Astronomy in Antarctica

SkyandTelescope.com’s Most Recent Articles

Face time with astronomy enthusiasts and subscribers

I have a confession to make. I spend a lot of time at the Astronomy offices here in Waukesha, Wisconsin. As the magazine’s copy editor, most of my interaction with the astronomy community comes from comments on the website, e-mails I receive, and the occasional phone conversation. I’ve talked with many high school and college students about working in the magazine industry for a science publication, but most aren’t subscribers. So, it’s a treat when I get to spend face-to-face time with actual readers of the magazine.

Last night, I drove 125 miles north to Green Bay, Wisconsin, to spend an evening with the Neville Public Museum Astronomical Society (NPMAS). Its members were gracious enough to let me give them a behind-the-scenes look at the process of putting together Astronomy magazine each month, as well as to explain what goes into managing Astronomy.com and the different programs we offer to readers and clubs throughout the year (contests, outreach, and the like). To my pleasant surprise, they actually seemed to enjoy my odd passion for the printed word and the intricacies of the Web, as well as details of the staff’s best attempts to stay sane in a sometimes insane job.

Like many of us at the magazine, I sometimes get so caught up in the day-to-day work of making sure Astronomy is the best it can be that I forget there’s an outside world of readers who notice the staff’s collective efforts. Or that people out there are as impressed with my colleagues’ thoughtful articles, beautiful illustrations, and clever videos as I am. So seeing the smiling faces of passionate hobbyists like the members of NPMAS gave me a renewed appreciation for our jobs here at the magazine: We’re not just posting a news story to the website or editing a science feature; we’re helping create a product that tens of thousands of people enjoy reading every day. Our work becomes an important part of their experience under the stars.

During a particularly stressful day, it’s easy to forget this, but it’s awesome when these amazing people in astronomy clubs like NPMAS don’t mind spending time with me as a reminder. So, while I enjoyed giving a presentation about life at the Astronomy offices to the NPMAS members, they, in turn, gave me so much more.


Astronomy.com blog

Some more out-of-this-world astronomy outreach

Last week, we announced the Santa Barbara Astronomy Unit as the winner of Astronomy magazine’s 2010 Out-of-this-world Award for public outreach. They’re a great group, but as Astronomy Editor David J. Eicher said, it was a struggle to choose the winner, and I wanted to shine a spotlight on some of the other fantastic groups who reached our final round and made the decision so hard.

The Albuquerque Astronomical Society
For more than 60 years, The Albuquerque Astronomical Society has brought astronomy into the lives of its community, and for the past 25, it’s engaged in the “School Star Party Program,” specifically targeting public schools. Once or twice a month, the group camps out at a nearby school and offers a star party of carnival-like proportions, where everyone has fun and leaves with some kind of space-based souvenir. The program is so successful, interested schools now face a waiting list of more than a year!

John J. McCarthy Observatory
Since the turn of the (21st) century, the John J. McCarthy Observatory in New Milford, Connecticut, has sought to advance science literacy and critical thinking. For 10 years and more than 15,000 visitors — mostly scheduled visits by students, clubs, scouts, and other groups, though unexpected visitors are always welcome — this facility has provided a forum to explain and appreciate meteor showers, eclipses, the solar system, and the everyday brilliance of the night sky.

Lake County Astronomical Society
Tucked away in northeast Illinois, the Lake County Astronomical Society has taught its community about the night sky for almost 30 years. Members have spoken at schools, scout troops, charity events, and even weddings! After a quarter-century of pleasant, reactive outreach (responding to invitations to speak), though, the group kicked it up a notch in 2008, starting the proactive “Astronomy Under the City Lights” program. So far, it’s provided more than 3,000 people with their first view of the Moon and planets, and this initiative shows no sign of slowing down.

MAČ o.s.
A Czech civil association of amateur astronomers, MAČ o.s. translates into English as “Micro-Astro-Tea,” and is nearly impossible to find via a simple Google search (thanks a lot, Apple)! Regardless, this group's weekly meetings in the center of Prague have inspired public interest in astronomy for years, and the association has run the second biggest star party in the country and co-organized the biggest.

Southern California Desert Video Astronomers
The Southern California Desert Video Astronomers focus, naturally enough, on the dark skies of the California desert and ensuring they stay that way in the future. They share their knowledge of the universe through a variety of media, in addition to one-on-one star parties and various talks, including video projections and Internet broadcasts.

 


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Our Unlikely Solar System

A circumstellar disk of debris around a matured stellar system may indicate that Earth-like planets lie within – since such a disk results from the collisional grinding of rocky planetesimals. Credit: NASA.

Recent modeling of solar mass stars with planetary systems, found that a system with four rocky planets and four gas giants in stable orbits – and only a sparsely populated outer belt of planetesimals – has only a 15 to 25% likelihood of developing. While you might be skeptical about the validity of a model that puts our best known planetary system in the unlikely basket, there may be some truth in this finding.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Our Unlikely Solar System (697 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Our Inferred Universe

A galaxy far, far away and long. long ago. UDFy-38135539 – about the most distant observed object, where UDF stands for (Hubble) Ultra-Deep Field. Credit: HST – NASA/ESA.

The universe is a big place – and getting bigger all the time – so at a large scale all unbound structures are all moving away from each other. So when we look out at distant objects, we need to remind ourselves that not only are we seeing them as they appeared in the past, when the light that hits our eyes first left them, but also that they are no longer in that location where they appear to be.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Our Inferred Universe (641 words)


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Global Astronomy Month 2011

SkyandTelescope.com’s Most Recent Articles

Global Astronomy Month 2011

SkyandTelescope.com’s Most Recent News Stories

Astronomy announces 2010 Out-of-this-world Award winner

Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:3/31/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Dark Statistics

The dark flow hypothesis. A region of the observable universe is being influenced by a mysterious something outside the observable universe (which we can’t observe). Source: universe-review.ca

The hypothetical dark flow seen in the movement of galaxy clusters requires that we can reliably identify a clear statistical correlation in the motion of distant objects which are, in any case, flowing outwards with the expansion of the universe and may also have their own individual (or peculiar) motion arising from gravitational interactions. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Dark Statistics (680 words)


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Astronomy magazine partners with LightBuckets for new image gallery

The Dumbbell Nebula by Jace JenningsAstronomy magazine is teaming up with LightBuckets Online Telescopes to bring the best images from amateur astronomers around the world to Astronomy.com.

LightBuckets, located under the dark and steady skies of Rodeo, New Mexico, features a 24-inch RC Optical Systems Ritchey-Chrétien telescope on an equatorial fork mount plus two other high-quality instruments users can control from any computer. All three scopes feature ultra-sensitive megapixel CCD cameras from Apogee, and each offers a wide variety of Astrodon filters.

Starting today, Astronomy.com will feature the terrific images that LightBuckets customers acquire, like the one at right taken by Jase Jennings. But what if you miss one? Not to worry. We also will archive them in their own section of our popular Online Reader Gallery.

That’s part one. Plans are already underway for part two — real-time images of the Sun. Steve Cullen, president of LightBuckets, has assembled a team of partners, each of which has donated a specialized type of equipment to make the Astronomy/LightBuckets Online Solar Observatory a reality.

Lunt Solar Systems of Tucson, Arizona, has provided the key instrument: a 4-inch Hydrogen-alpha solar telescope. This scope features a special filter that transmits only a tiny fraction of the Sun’s light to an attached camera — but oh, what amazing information that light conveys. Website visitors will see the Sun’s colorful surface, prominences that arch gracefully above its edge, and flares — the largest explosions in the solar system.

Astro Haven Enterprises, with facilities in Arizona and California, is on board and will provide one of their 7-foot clamshell domes complete with motors and a controller. Cullen told me, “We have two Astro Haven domes at our site already (a 12-footer and a new 7-foot model). They are terrific.”

Together, these companies will help make the Astronomy/LightBuckets Online Solar Observatory an Internet destination you’ll return to again and again. And just as with LightBuckets’ deep-sky images, we’ll set up a solar-image archive in the Reader Photo Gallery. Look for the big announcement soon!

Check out the LightBuckets Online Telescopes gallery today!


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Doubly Special Relativity

The Large Hadron Collider – destined to deliver fabulous science data, but it remains uncertain if these will include an evidence basis for quantum gravity theories. Credit: CERN.

General relativity, Einstein’s theory of gravity, gives us a useful basis for mathematically modeling the large scale universe – while quantum theory gives us a useful basis for modeling sub-atomic particle physics and the likely small-scale, high-energy-density physics of the early universe – nanoseconds after the Big Bang – which general relativity just models as a singularity and has nothing else to say on the matter.

Quantum gravity theories may have more to say. By extending general relativity into a quantized structure for space-time, maybe we can bridge the gap between small and large scale physics. For example, there’s doubly special relativity. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Doubly Special Relativity (672 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Black Hole Entropy

Black holes – throw something in them and that’s the end of the story, right? Well, apparently some physicists just can’t seem to leave it there.

An easy way to think about the entropy of black holes is to consider that entropy represents the loss of free energy – that is, energy that is available to do work – from a system. Needless to say, anything you throw into a black hole is no longer available to do any work in the wider universe.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Black Hole Entropy (749 words)


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Astronomy selects 2011 Youth Essay Contest winner

Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:3/4/2011
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Unreasonable Effectiveness

Some indication of the complex math involved in modeling a close massive binary system of compact objects – be they neutron stars or black holes. Surely, you couldn’t possibly just guess the outcome here – at least you wouldn’t think that you possibly could. Credit: NASA.

Gravitational waves are apparently devilishly difficult things to model with Einstein field equations, since they are highly dynamic and non-symmetric. Traditionally, the only way to get close to predicting the likely effects of gravity waves was to estimate the Einstein equation parameters by assuming the objects causing the gravity waves do not generate strong gravity fields themselves – and nor do they move at velocities anywhere close to the speed of light.

Trouble is, the mostly likely candidate objects that might generate detectable gravity waves – close binary neutron stars and merging black holes – have exactly those properties. They are highly compact, very massive bodies that often move at relativistic (i.e. close to the speed of light) velocities. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Unreasonable Effectiveness (429 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Knots In Space

A rare double Einstein ring (SDSSJ0946+1006). Either two distant galaxies are lined up directly behind a closer massive galactic cluster (which is gravitationally-lensing their light into a double ring) – or of course it could be a donut-shaped portal to an alternate universe. You decide. Credit: NASA/ESA HST.

So finally you possess that most valuable of commodities, a traversable wormhole – and somehow or other you grab one end of it and accelerate it to a very rapid velocity. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Knots In Space (699 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Plausibility Check

OK, this looks nice – but let’s think it through. You’ve got two binary stars with angular diameters and spectral properties roughly analogous to our Sun – shining through an atmosphere containing semi-precipitous water vapor (also known as clouds). Plausible? Credit: NASA.

So we all know the story. Uncle Owen has just emotionally blackmailed you into putting off your application to the academy for another year – and even after you just got those two new droids, darn it. So you stare mournfully at the setting binary suns and…

Hang on, they look a lot like G type stars – and if so, their roughly 0.5 degree angular diameters in the sky suggest they are both only around 1 astronomical unit away. I mean OK, you could plausibly have a close red dwarf and a distant blue giant having identical apparent diameters, but surely they would look substantially different, both in color and brightness. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Plausibility Check (701 words)


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Astronomy senior editor celebrates silver milestone

Congratulations to Senior Editor Richard Talcott, who this week celebrated his 25th anniversary with Astronomy magazine! And Rich, on behalf of the staff, I sincerely apologize.

Senior Editor Richard Talcott (holding the cake) celebrated his 25th anniversary with Astronomy magazine this week. Here, he’s joined by (from left) Senior Editor Michael Bakich, Copy Editor Karri Ferron, Associate Editor Bill Andrews, Associate Editor Liz Kruesi, and Editorial Assistant Valerie Penton. Chris Raymond photoThat last comment needs an explanation. You see, I’d love to say that Rich’s co-workers and I eagerly circled the date in red on our calendars far in advance, surreptitiously planning a big ta-da behind his back. I’d love to say that, but if I did, my pants would catch on fire. Instead, I only discovered the arrival of this significant date (his silver anniversary!) after Rich dropped off a ho-made cake on our “buffet table” — the long line of waist-high filing cabinets that previously served as the site of our luncheon for an imaginary co-worker. That’s right — this poor fellow had to supply the very snack that would sustain and signal his otherwise oblivious professional peers.

What’s more, he didn’t even hang around his cake “casually” afterward, wistfully hoping one of us would pass and go, “Hey, Rich, what’s that?” Instead, he simply left this delicious work of chocolaty art in plain view and went to his office to start his workday. When I wandered past it about 30 minutes later, Valerie Penton filled me in on the meaning behind “Astronomy 25.”

Despite Val’s edification, I shamefully admit the knife Rich left next to his cake actually rested in my hand, poised to pierce, for several seconds before a vague unselfish thought finally formulated in my gray matter. “Wait a minute, this occasion is a big deal. You can’t just fill your cakehole and mumble thanks later.”

With that, every available co-worker gathered at the buffet table (Editor Dave Eicher is presently at the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show), where we formally — and properly — congratulated Rich on the significance of this milestone.

And then we attacked the cake. Long before lunchtime, about a dozen black (cake)holes had accreted most of the moist Devil’s-food matter from this delicious frosting-and-sprinkle galaxy concoction. That’s only fitting since this is Astronomy magazine.

A close-up of the highly appropriate (and delicious) cake that Astronomy magazine Senior Editor Richard Talcott provided for his co-workers on the occasion of Talcott’s 25th anniversary. Chris Raymond photoIncidentally, Astronomy’s other senior editor, Michael Bakich, also celebrated a milestone this week — his eighth year with the magazine. Unfortunately, this fact might have passed unnoticed too had he not provided a few dozen donuts on the buffet table this morning. I promise we’ll secure a list of anniversary dates so this doesn't happen again, but congratulations to both Rich and Michael!


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Situation Cloudy

The Magellanic Stream trails behind the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds – two bright shapes visible below the Milky Way’s galactic disk, to the right. The stuff ahead of the Clouds is called the Leading Arm. The pink is false color – the Stream and Arm are only visible in radio wavelengths. Credit: Nidever et al.

Most people agree that the Magellanic Clouds are in orbit around the Milky Way. What’s not clear is whether it is a bound orbit or just a temporary ‘ships passing in the night’ arrangement. Something which could clarify the relationship is the Magellanic Stream, a 600,000 light year long string of gas dragged through and beyond the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Situation Cloudy (700 words)


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Kids: Tell us what you love best about astronomy

Hurry! Time is running out for you to enter Astronomy magazine’s 2011 Youth Essay Contest. To enter, write a 300 to 500 word essay in the next 10 days telling us what you love best about astronomy, and you could win an all-expenses-paid trip to the 2011 Northeast Astronomy Forum (NEAF) April 16 and 17 in Suffern, New York. NEAF is the nation’s largest telescope event and meeting of amateur astronomers. Each year, NEAF features an A-list of exciting speakers, more than 100 vendors, and hundreds of telescopes and accessories on display.

NEAF Chairman Alan Traino is focused on engaging young astronomy enthusiasts at the event. This year, there will be daily solar observing, STARLAB planetarium shows, classes for beginners, and special events specifically for kids. You can also meet world-renowned scientists, chat with different telescope companies, get observing advice from those who have been studying the cosmos for years, and even meet Astronomy Editor David J. Eicher.

To learn more about the contest rules and how to enter, visit our main contest page. Good luck!


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy mobile adds daily observing events

Astronomy magazine’s mobile-friendly website just added another reason you should immediately bookmark http://m.astronomy.com in your smart phone’s browser. Already offering on-the-go access to the latest astronomy and space news, staff blogs, and our jaw-dropping Photo of the Day, Astronomy mobile now includes our popular “The Sky this Week” feature — for free.

Astronomy magazine’s mobile website, http://m.astronomy.com, now includes “The Sky this Week” to provide smart-phone users on-the-go access to the most popular information found on the magazine’s full website. Steve Stefanik photoThis daily digest of celestial events highlights the top reason(s) to “look up” every day. Each entry succinctly offers essential event details, why it’s significant, and how to spy it in your sky, wherever you call home. The week’s most significant occurrences also feature a photograph or an Astronomy magazine star chart to help you witness what’s going on overhead.

The informative photos and graphics in “The Sky this Week” will help you locate the most significant events in your night sky each week. Steve Stefanik photoUnlike mobile apps that make you first pay a buck — yet can crash or still fail to deliver the same great information available to everyone else visiting their main website — Astronomy magazine’s mobile site doesn’t charge visitors or penalize mobile night-sky enthusiasts. There’s no additional cost to access our up-to-date observing info on the go, meaning you’ll get the same information and graphics you’ll find at www.astronomy.com — regardless of whether you subscribe to our magazine or not. All you need is your smart phone and Internet access.

Direct your smart phone’s browser to http://m.astronomy.com and check out what’s coming to a sky near you this week!

Related blog:

On-the-go Astronomy goes live


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Gravity Probe B

Gravity Probe B – testing the null hypothesis that the spin axis of a gyroscope will stay aligned with a distant reference point when it’s in a free fall orbit. General relativity says it won’t.

There’s a line out of an early episode of The Big Bang Theory series, where Gravity Probe B is described as having seen ‘glimpses’ of Einstein’s predicted frame-dragging effect. In reality, it is not entirely clear that the experiment was able to definitively distinguish a frame-dragging effect from a background noise created by some exceedingly minor aberrations in its detection system.

Whether or not this counts as a glimpse – frame-dragging (the alleged last untested prediction of general relativity) and Gravity Probe B have become linked in the public consciousness. So here’s a quick primer on what Gravity Probe B may or may not have glimpsed.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Gravity Probe B (703 words)


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Featured: “Why Gen X and Y should care about astronomy”

Any visitor to a star party likely would notice that there aren’t a lot of young people attending. A constant flurry of technology seems to put stargazing on the backburner for the younger generations. As the great astronomy popularizer Carl Sagan once said, most people on this planet live their lives without ever knowing their place in the universe. So how can those of us who truly appreciate the wonder of the night sky rectify this problem?

Karen Jennings, author of "Why Gen X and Y should care about astronomy," makes observing a family affair with her two sons. Charles Jennings photoIt’s a question the staff at Astronomy struggles with every day as we see the median age of our readers steadily rise. One step we are taking to introduce the wonder of the universe to a younger demographic is to let the voices of their peers lead the way. In the February 2011 Astronomy, Karen Jennings, a Generation X amateur astronomer, tackles the issue in “Why Gen X and Y should care about astronomy.” For Jennings, it’s all about getting some perspective. In a world where young adults are always looking for a cause to pursue, a new way to unwind, or an exciting challenge, the night sky offers the perfect answer.

In addition, a sidebar by another young astronomy enthusiast, Erin Reynolds, explains how there’s more than one way to embrace all the universe has to offer. Planetariums, the Internet, and even just our naked eyes can all lead to a greater appreciation of our small place in the cosmos.

Check out “Why Gen X and Y should care about astronomy” to learn how to inspire your friends and family to start looking to the stars, and join the staff of Astronomy in our quest to bring the night sky to a whole new generation. In addition to editorial content geared toward this cause, Astronomy, in conjunction with the Astronomy Outreach Foundation, has developed its Discover the Universe program, which aids astronomy clubs in putting on big-city star parties to bring our hobby to the masses. Together, we can give everyone a 3-D view of the universe.

Read "Why Gen X and Y should care about astronomy"

Check out Astronomy's Discover the Universe program


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Time Freeze

Is it ever possible to find yourself in a situation where you see the hands of a clock freeze? Nnnnnnnnnn….

There is a story told about traveling at the speed of light in which you are asked to imagine that you begin by standing in front of a big clock – like Big Ben. You realize that your current perception of time is being informed by light reflected off the face of the clock – which is telling you it’s 12:00. So if you then shoot away at the same speed as that light – all you will continue to see is that clock fixed at 12:00, since you are moving at the same speed that this information is moving. And so you discover that at the speed of light, time essentially stands still.

While there are a number of things wrong with this story – as it happens, one correct thing is that if you were able to travel at the speed of light you would experience no passage of time – although there are several reasons why this is probably an impossible situation to find yourself in.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Time Freeze (578 words)


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The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy opens new window on star formation in Orion

Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:1/12/2011
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Steve O’Meara sees Panama’s astronomy enthusiasm grow

Astronomy columnist and contributing editor Stephen James O’Meara spent the past few days in Panama as the guest of the U.S. Embassy on a Speakers Grant to attend the 1st Congress of Panama Amateur Astronomy 2011. He was kind enough to share Panama’s growing astronomy enthusiasm with our readers:

I arrived in Panama January 13 and was met by Alison Brown of the Cultural Affairs office and taken to my base at the Marriott hotel. The next morning, I joined Alison and Shaleen White, cultural affairs specialist, and had a wonderful interview with Tamara Del Moral of the science and technology section of La Prensa newspaper.

Tamara’s insightful questions reflected the desire for more interest in the sciences, especially astronomy, now that the Panamanian Amateur Astronomy Association (APAA) has received the gift of an observatory telescope, the facility of which is under construction. Tamara recognized how amateurs can contribute to the science of astronomy now that technology makes it easier than ever for anyone to make a discovery.
 
I then had an interview with another newspaper, and the questions asked reflected more the aesthetic beauty of the sky and our relationship with it.
 
Next, I rode in the embassy car to the Miraflores locks at the Panama Canal, where I lunched with Luis Velasquez and Tony Earle of the APAA. They told me of the club’s goal to buy a trailer equipped with telescopes to use as a mobile unit to take outside the city. They also would like to supplement this with a planetarium that will be available to schools nationwide.

Friday night, I attended a cocktail reception at AstroPanama, the first telescope store and showroom in the country. It is the brainchild of Ivan Jaen, APAA member and past president. Some 50 astronomy enthusiasts, as well as Alison Brown Panamanian Erika Podest of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), showed up for the gala event. This gathering allowed APAA members a chance to talk in private with Erika and me before the 1st Congress of Panama Amateur Astronomy 2011, which was open to the public.

The club has some 200 members (about 25 of whom are extremely active). The night was clear, so Ivan brought out a telescope, and we got views of Jupiter and the Orion Nebula (M42). What’s nice about Ivan’s enterprise is that anyone in Panama who buys a scope gets personal attention at the person’s home setting up the telescope and getting oriented to the sky. Ivan dreams of hosting a Central American version of the Northeast Astronomy Forum (NEAF) some day. Anyone interested in contacting Ivan can visit his website: AstroPanama.org.

The Congress Saturday exceeded all expectations. It was held at the City of Knowledge Convention Center in Clayton. The expected turnout was 150 to 200 people, but instead more than 300 showed. It was standing room only. The 300 guests included 25 students whose teacher drove them 4 hours from the far northern countryside near the Costa Rican border to attend! It was invigorating to see such raw enthusiasm.

Tony Earle of the APAA talked about exotic stars while JPL’s Erika Podest took us on a tour of the solar system with NASA spacecraft images. She ended by zeroing in on Earth using satellite data to show humanity’s effect on the globe, including population growth, deforestation, and El Niño effects, among others. Finally, I gave my “Trials & Tribulations” talk, which helped inspire guests into viewing the heavens. All of the talks were met with enthusiastic responses. Afterward, the guests enjoyed views of the Moon, Jupiter, Uranus, and some deep-sky objects through a dozen telescopes owned by APAA members. I leave the country totally inspired!

Thanks, Steve!


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Why Carbon?

Although we consider life on Earth to be carbon-based, the ATGC coding components of DNA are nucleotides – with a carbon content of zero. Credit: NASA (adapted image).

Last week’s AWAT Why Water? took the approach of acknowledging that while numerous solvents are available to support alien biochemistries, water is very likely to be the most common biological solvent out there – just on the basis of its sheer abundance. It also has useful chemical features that would be advantageous to alien biochemistries – particularly where its liquid phase occurs in a warmer temperature zone than any other solvent. (…)
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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Why Water?

Mono Lake – no alien biochemistry here, but makes for a nice photo all the same. Credit: NASA.

The assumption that alien biochemistries probably require liquid water may seem a little Earth-centric. But given the chemical possibilities available from the most abundant elements in the universe, even an alien scientist with a different biochemistry would probably agree that a water-solvent-based biochemistry is quite likely to occur elsewhere in the universe – and might well be the most likely foundation for a complex ecosystem in which intelligent life could develop.(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Why Water? (708 words)


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Lowell Observatory offers customized field trip program to astronomy clubs

Guest blog by Michael T. Kitt

What could be more exciting than an inside look at an astronomical research facility? Lowell Observatory, located in Flagstaff, Arizona, is now offering a program developed specifically for astronomy clubs and groups. The field trip will provide a unique opportunity to visit Lowell’s satellite research facilities, which include the state-of-the-art 4.3-meter Discovery Channel telescope now being readied for first light, and the 72-inch Perkins telescope used for Dr. Vera Rubin’s pioneering dark matter research, and still remains a workhorse instrument of the observatory.

Groups will receive a behind-the-scenes look at the historic Mars Hill campus, the site where Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto. Weather permitting, visitors will have the opportunity to observe through the same 24-inch Alvan Clark refractor that sparked Percival Lowell’s boundless imagination. Attendees can also bring their own telescopes and observe the heavens at a site just a stone’s throw from the Clark dome, or use the observatory’s 16-inch Boller & Chivens reflector.

I developed the field trip program with a team of other amateur astronomers, in cooperation with Lowell's professional staff. Our goal was to design a program that will provide a memorable and educational experience. Recognizing that astronomy clubs have a diverse set of interests, an important objective was to ensure that we could customize each field trip to best meet the desires of each group. The possibilities are endless and could include a roundtable on a topic of the group's choice with a staff astronomer or a visit to the Lowell instrumentation shop, where technicians develop one-of-a-kind research equipment.

As a bonus to visitors, the area surrounding Flagstaff is one of the most fascinating in the world. A visit could include side trips to the Grand Canyon, Meteor Crater, Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, and the red-rock beauty of Sedona, all of which are located a short drive away. And Flagstaff itself is a great destination with Old West flavor and many museums, shops, and restaurants.

For information about a field trip for your group, please contact Rusty Tweed at 928-233-3267 or e-mail him at tweedr@lowell.edu.

Thanks for the information, Michael!


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Calling all astronomy clubs! Astronomy magazine announces Discover the Universe program

Help spread the fun of amateur astronomy! Astronomy magazine, in conjunction with the Astronomy Outreach Foundation, is announcing a new program of sponsoring star parties across the United States and the world. We would like to enlist you, experienced amateur astronomers and astronomy club members, as an army of enthusiasts to help spread the joy of amateur astronomy. Carl Sagan once told me that 99 percent of all human beings are born, go through their lives, and die without realizing their place in the cosmos around them. With the extraordinary and nearly constant breaking news in professional astronomy taking place every day, isn’t it high time to introduce the universe to a new generation?

Most people go through their lives on what amounts to a 2-D planet without realizing even the basics of where Earth is in the solar system, the essentials of what makes stars tick, the makeup of the Milky Way Galaxy, or the larger universe of billions of galaxies around them. The best way to bring astronomy awareness and enthusiasm to the people is to go to where the people are — cities. This means employing a technique so terrifically pioneered by California groups in the 1970s — sidewalk astronomy.

To help spread the fun of astronomy, Astronomy magazine is announcing our Discover the Universe program, in which we are asking for volunteers. Astronomy club members who care about sharing our hobby are asked to organize and put on star parties in their areas around the country and around the world, and doing so in cities, right on the sidewalks where lots of people flow, is the ideal place. If the targets are few — the Moon, a planet or two, a double star, perhaps — so be it. Showing people their first “live” glimpse of the heavens and explaining that the light they are seeing has traveled a huge distance through space before striking their eye will turn them on.

If your astronomy club is interested in volunteering in the effort to spread our hobby, I ask you to contact me at editor@astronomy.com. I will be happy to discuss the program more with you. To support your star parties, Astronomy magazine will help publicize the events with our own networks and aid you with local media contacts in your area. We will also send you a Star Party Action Kit, consisting of brochures, magazines, and premium booklets that explain the exciting world of astronomy to newcomers.

This activity will no doubt help the vitality of your astronomy club. I'm sure you have noted the “graying” of the hobby as the majority of young people these days are captivated by entertainment rather than science. The February 2011 issue of Astronomy contains a special article, “Why Gen X and Y should care about astronomy” by Karen Jennings. Reprints of this story will be included in the star party kit. I am asking you to help spread the excitement of astronomy for the good of future generations, too, who we hope will embrace and become experts on serious subjects like astronomy, for the good of the vast future.


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Secular Evolution

M51 – the Whirlpool Galaxy. Like most spiral galaxies, the spiral arms are really density waves. Drag forces produced by these density waves could drive the ‘secular’ evolution of galaxies. Credit: NASA-HST.

A traditional galaxy evolution model has it that you start with spiral galaxies – which might grow in size through digesting smaller dwarf galaxies – but otherwise retain their spiral form relatively undisturbed. It is only when these galaxies collide with another of similar size that you first get an irregular ‘train-wreck’ form, which eventually settles into a featureless elliptical form – full of stars following random orbital paths rather than moving in the same narrow orbital plane that we see in the flattened galactic disk of a spiral galaxy.

The concept of secular galaxy evolution challenges this notion – where ‘secular’ means separate or isolated. Theories of secular evolution propose that galaxies naturally evolve along the Hubble sequence (from spiral to elliptical), without merging or collisions necessarily driving changes in their form. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Secular Evolution (499 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – The Edge of Greatness

The foamy-looking cosmic web – at this scale we run out of superlatives to describe the large scale structure of the universe. Credit: NASA.

The so-called End of Greatness is where you give up trying to find more superlatives to describe large scale objects in the universe. Currently the Sloan Great Wall – a roughly organised collection of galactic superclusters partitioning one great void from another great void – is about where most cosmologists draw the line.

Beyond the End of Greatness, it’s best just to consider the universe as a holistic entity – and at this scale we consider it isotropic and homogenous, which we need to do to make our current cosmology math work. But at the very edge of greatness, we find the cosmic web. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – The Edge of Greatness (526 words)


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Astronomy magazine’s sketching gallery goes live

Calling all observers who ever put pencil to paper while peering through an eyepiece. Astronomy magazine’s 10th area in its Online Reader Gallery is now up and running.

In Astronomy.com's new "Sketches from the Telescope" reader gallery, you can browse and share great drawings like this one Erika Rix made of the Moon's Rupes Recta (the Straight Wall).“Sketches from the Telescope” joins such popular posting areas as “Sun and Moon,” “Nebulae,” and “Planets.” To post an image, just become a registered user at Astronomy.com. It’s free! Then, from the home page, select “Multimedia” and click on “Reader Photo Gallery.” Click on the sketching gallery or whatever other gallery you wish to post to and follow the instructions.

Sketching celestial objects is great fun, and it’s one activity guaranteed to make you a better observer. Indeed, as you train your eye to become more cognizant of details, you’ll notice subtle changes in hue, the interplay of light and dark areas, and any kind of motion. You also will be better able to judge sky conditions.

So sketch to improve your observing skills, and then post your results online to share them with the world.


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Forbidden Planets

The theorized evolution of the circumbinary planet PSR B1620-26 b. Credit: NASA.

Binary star systems can have planets – although these are generally assumed to be circumbinary (where the orbit encircles both stars). As well as the fictional examples of Tatooine and Gallifrey, there are real examples of PSR B1620-26 b and HW Virginis b and c – thought to be cool gas giants with several times the mass of Jupiter, orbiting several astronomical units out from their binary suns.

Planets in circumstellar orbits around a single star within a binary system are traditionally considered to be unlikely due to the mathematical implausibility of maintaining a stable orbit through the ‘forbidden’ zones – which result from gravitational resonances generated by the motion of the binary stars. The orbital dynamics involved should either fling a planet out of the system or send it crashing to its doom into one or other of the stars. However, there may be a number of windows of opportunity available for ‘next generation’ planets to form at later stages in the evolving life of a binary system. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Forbidden Planets (523 words)


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Astronomy magazine visits Yerkes Observatory

Did you know that the world’s largest refracting telescope is located less than an hour from Astronomy magazine’s headquarters? Founded in 1897, Yerkes Observatory sedately sits on the shore of Geneva Lake in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. On December 3, 2010, the staff of Astronomy, its publisher, and its senior graphic designer received a behind-the-scenes tour of this historic facility. The crew of Astronomy stands beneath the “business end” of the world’s largest refracting telescope at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, December 3, 2010. Chris Raymond photo

While Yerkes houses several large scopes of varying size, it’s the 40-inch refracting telescope that really put this otherwise sleepy village on the map, establishing the observatory as the birthplace of modern astrophysics. Just picture a refractor on steroids and you can imagine the impression felt by the Astronomy group when they first glimpsed this 63-foot-long instrument. The lens at the top of this scope is more than a yard wide!

Richard Dreiser, director of special programs and good friend of several senior members of the Astronomy staff, explained the history of this observatory during the tour. Starting with the facility’s gorgeous architectural details and the important research still conducted there, the 117-year-old telescope within its massive brick-wall dome undoubtedly proved the highlight. (The refractor was first exhibited during the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893, four years before its permanent installation.) Since 1897, this dome has sheltered the 40-inch refractor at Yerkes observatory. The slit in the roof opens to 11 feet wide and is 85 feet long. Chris Raymond photo

Another unforgettable moment occurred when Dreiser activated the 37.5-ton elevating floor on which the Astronomy group stood. To support the weight of this massive telescope, its base sits fastened to solid ground, and the 75-foot-diameter floor surrounding it rises or lowers up to 22 feet, like a donut on a wooden dowel, so observers can reach the eyepiece depending on the scope’s position. Unbelievably, the massive floor actually collapsed once, in May 1897, shortly after the observatory opened. The
floor beneath the world’s largest refractor raises or lowers up to 22
feet so observers can reach the eyepiece as the telescope’s orientation
changes. Chris Raymond photo

Fortunately, nobody stood on the floor at the time of the collapse, and the Astronomy group encountered no mishaps. Instead, it proved thrilling to stand on the very spot where Albert Einstein and famous astronomers like Carl Sagan and E.E. Barnard once stood and soak in the rich history this site has contributed to astronomy.


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Astronomy accepting entries for 2010 outreach award

Astronomy Magazine News Article – Released:12/7/2010
Astronomy.com News – Presented by Astronomy Magazine

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Through A Lens Darkly

Gravitational lensing in action – faint hints of an ‘Einstein ring’ forming about light sources which have been ‘lensed’ by the warping of space-time. If the galactic cluster causing the warping was orientated in a plane that was face-on directly at Earth – the Einstein ring would be much more apparent. Credit: HST, NASA.

Massive galactic clusters – which are roughly orientated in a plane that is roughly face-on to Earth – can generate strong gravitational lensing. However, several surveys of such clusters have reached the conclusion that these clusters have a tendency towards lensing too much – at least more than is predicted based on their expected mass.

Known (to some researchers working in the area) as the ‘over-concentration problem’, it does seem to be a prima facie case of missing mass. But rather than just playing the dark matter card, researchers are pursuing more detailed observations – if only to eliminate other possible causes. (…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Through A Lens Darkly (593 words)


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CBS morning news covers astronomy — and shows Astronomy magazine

The other day, the Astronomy staff came across a cool bit of national news. There’s a fellow by the name of Frank Kovac who built a globe planetarium in his backyard. The Kovac Planetarium is in northern Wisconsin, in the small town of Monico. (I guess you could say it’s local to us in Milwaukee.) The Early Show on CBS featured the planetarium and Frank Kovac November 29 in its “Assignment America” series. And there’s a scene where Frank is reading through the October 2010 issue of Astronomy magazine. How cool is that?

The planetarium itself is pretty neat, too. It took Frank nearly 15 years to build. He hand-painted the stars on the inside of the globe to look like the night sky — not just the brightest ones, but all stars visible to the unaided eye, portraying their actual positions and magnitudes. (Now that’s dedication.)

Do you know of any other astronomy-lovers who go to such lengths to enjoy the hobby, and spread their interest it to others? We’d love to hear about them! Send your stories to letters@astronomy.com.


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Black Hole Evolution

The idea that every galaxy of significant size has a supermassive black hole at its centre keeps gaining momentum. So… coincidence? Or are these SMBHs somehow fundamental to the process of galaxy formation? Credit: NASA.

While only observable by inference, the existence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centre of most – if not all – galaxies remains a compelling theory supported by a range of indirect observational methods. Within these data sources, there exists a strong correlation between the mass of the galactic bulge of a galaxy and the mass of its central SMBH – meaning that smaller galaxies have smaller SMBHs and bigger galaxies have bigger SMBHs.

Linked to this finding is the notion that SMBHs may play an intrinsic role in galaxy formation and evolution – and might have even been the first step in the formation of the earliest galaxies in the universe, including the proto-Milky Way.
(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Black Hole Evolution (669 words)


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Astronomy magazine’s 2010 editorial retreat

Yesterday, Astronomy’s editors, art staff, and publisher left the office to hang out at Editor Dave Eicher’s house for our annual staff retreat — a major component of how we bring you new ideas each year via the magazine and the website, and something the staff always looks forward to.
 
Karri Ferron suggests ideas for new website content during the first half of the annual editorial planning meeting. Alison Mackey photoArticle ideas, thoughts on our recently updated website, potential special issues, design tweaks, and much more formed the day's agenda, and the group of 12 talked, talked, and talked. We covered a lot of ground — but also had plenty of laughs, from generation-gap jabs (a big topic at Astronomy right now) to sci-fi humor. We’re kind of like a family, so it’s a pretty neat environment to work in.

As we do each year, we had a great time, came up with and shared a vast number of ideas, and enjoyed the day as breakfast transformed into box lunches and then into middle afternoon. Dave spent the retreat feverously scribbling down all of our ideas, and I’m sure pages and pages of notes captured the results.

Everyone is welcome to share ideas at our annual retreat. Here, Elisabeth Kelly, our illustrator (far right by the fireplace), outlines a great concept for a future special issue. Alison Mackey photoWe broke up at about 4 p.m. after covering a huge amount of information — enough great ideas for years to come, some of which I’m sure we’ll use in the next few months and some of which will have to wait until later. So stay tuned for lots of fun stuff coming down the road.
 
 


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Necropanspermia

Could an alien spore really travel light years between different star systems? Well, as long as your theory doesn’t require it to be alive when it arrives – sure it can.

The idea that a tiny organism could hitchhike aboard a mote of space dust to cross vast stretches of space and time until it landed and took up residence on the early Earth does seem a bit implausible. More likely any such organisms would have been long dead by the time they reached Earth. But… might those long dead alien carcasses still have provided the genomic template that kick started life on Earth? Welcome to necropanspermia.
(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Necropanspermia (560 words)


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Astronomy Without A Telescope – Indigenous Australian Astronomy

The Homunculus Nebula arising from the Eta Carinae star system – thought to be stellar material blown off by this massive star system during a ‘supernova impostor’ event that occurred around 1840.

Eta Carinae is a massive binary system – of which the dominant member is an eruptive luminous blue variable star. The system’s last significant eruption – also known as the ‘great outburst’ – made Eta Carinae briefly the second brightest star system in the night sky after Sirius over the period of 1837 to 1845, after which it faded again. The great outburst left behind the Homunculus Nebula – and also left an impression on the indigenous Aboriginal people of Australia who observed it at that time.
(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Indigenous Australian Astronomy (720 words)


© Steve Nerlich for Universe Today, 2010. | Permalink | 5 comments | Add to del.icio.us
Post tags: Archaeoastronomy

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Astronomy in Norway rolls on

On Friday, November 5, Astronomy magazine’s group of 15 travelers, led by Melita Thorpe of MWT Associates, carried on our Norwegian vacation in search of aurorae. Although we have thus far been plagued by wet weather as we cruise on the 674-berth MS Midnatsol, we have heard that to the north, away from the rainy areas, observers have spotted fantastic aurorae over the past couple nights.

Vast expanses of the North Atlantic lay stretched out before us on the
ship, in front of the rugged Norwegian coastline, November 5, 2010. David J. Eicher photoEarly yesterday morning we set off from Florø, trekked to Måløy, crossed the Stadhavet — an open stretch of sea — and arrived at Ålesund. This fishing town of 40,000 is highly distinctive because after it burned in 1904, residents rebuilt the city in Art Nouveau style. Boarding the ship once again, I engaged our group and others from the ship at large in a talk on “Astronomy’s new frontier,” updating developments on the size, age, origin, and fate of the universe, along with lots of material on black holes, exoplanets, life in the universe, the dizzyingly large cosmic distance scale, and more.

Our group encountered plenty of rain at the coastal town of Ålesund, a
fishing village of 40,000 that burned in 1904 and was subsequently
rebuilt in Art Nouveau style, November 5, 2010. David J. Eicher photoWe then had a fantastic group dinner, and headed up to see if the sky is clearing.

Remember, you can find photos from our trip at Astronomy.com's Trips and Tours page.

Related blogs:
The quest for aurorae begins
On the road: Norwegian aurorae

 

 

 


Astronomy.com blog

Astronomy Without A Telescope – Warp Drive On Paper

It’s sixteen years since Miguel Alcubierre suggested that faster-than-light travel might be achieved by generating a warp bubble that contracts space-time ahead of the spaceship and expands it behind. Now a metamaterial test laboratory is available to see if this idea really could work. Image sourced from: andersoninstitute.com

The Alcubierre drive is one of the better known warp drive on paper models – where a possible method of warp drive seems to work mathematically as long as you don’t get too hung up on real world physics and some pesky boundary issues.

Recently the Alcubierre drive concept has been tested within mathematically modeled metamaterial – which can provide a rough analogy of space-time. Interestingly, in turns out that under these conditions the Alcubierre drive is unable to break the light barrier – but quite capable of doing 25% of light speed, which is not what you would call slow.
(…)
Read the rest of Astronomy Without A Telescope – Warp Drive On Paper (620 words)


© Steve Nerlich for Universe Today, 2010. | Permalink | 9 comments | Add to del.icio.us
Post tags: Alcubierre metric, metamaterial

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Universe Today

On-the-go Astronomy goes live

Your smart phone just got even smarter thanks to the launch of Astronomy magazine’s new mobile site. In tandem with our newly updated website, www.astronomy.com, which launched this week, Kalmbach’s crack team of cyber gurus also created a new site optimized to deliver our most popular content in a mobile-friendly fashion.
The new Astronomy mobile website, http://m.astronomy.com, provides smart-phone users on-the-go access to the most popular information found on the magazine’s full website. Chris Raymond photo Regardless of which flavor smart phone you use, just point your browser to http://m.astronomy.com (and make sure you bookmark it for easy future access). There, you’ll find a streamlined site delivering all of the latest astronomy news, and more than two-dozen blog entries by the magazine’s editors. In addition, a simple click of the Photos tab delivers the current jaw-dropping Photo of the Day, as well as the past week’s stunning astroimaging entries, each complete with a descriptive caption and equipment/exposure info.

While I routinely access Astronomy’s full website using Safari from my iPhone 4 without complaint, I must admit this optimized version provides a great experience too. It loads quickly, so I can’t really bash AT&T’s 3G network (this time), and the site very efficiently enables me to access to some of the magazine’s most interesting stuff from wherever I happen to be. An inquisitive fellow, I also typed in the mobile URL on my iPad (Safari) and from my desktop Mac (Firefox), expecting a cheesy smaller, resolution-locked display. Instead, both returned dynamically sized browser windows — meaning you should feel free to access this new mobile site on whatever hardware you happen to be using.

To my knowledge, this is the first mobile website Kalmbach’s crafted for its nearly two-dozen websites, and I think they got this one right out of the chute. In addition to the bennies I note above, they also included one-click access to the full website, as well as vice versa access from the full site. Another nice touch is their inclusion of a built-in feedback form right from the mobile site.

Courtesy of your smart phone, you’ll never need to miss the incredible Photo of the Day posted by Astronomy magazine on its full website. Chris Raymond photoKnowing the caliber of Kalmbach’s cyber staff, I suspect they’re already thinking about Astronomy mobile v1.1. In the meantime, please check out this initial offering, send them your feedback, and enjoy!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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